Child developmentChild development involves the biological, psychological and emotional changes that occur in human beings between birth and the conclusion of adolescence. Childhood is divided into three stages of life which include early childhood, middle childhood, and late childhood (preadolescence). Early childhood typically ranges from infancy to the age of 6 years old. During this period, development is significant, as many of life's milestones happen during this time period such as first words, learning to crawl, and learning to walk.
Early childhood educationEarly childhood education (ECE), also known as nursery education, is a branch of education theory that relates to the teaching of children (formally and informally) from birth up to the age of eight. Traditionally, this is up to the equivalent of third grade. ECE is described as an important period in child development. ECE emerged as a field of study during the Enlightenment, particularly in European countries with high literacy rates. It continued to grow through the nineteenth century as universal primary education became a norm in the Western world.
Behavior analysis of child developmentThe behavioral analysis of child development originates from John B. Watson's behaviorism. In 1948, Sidney Bijou took a position as associate professor of psychology at the University of Washington and served as director of the university's Institute of Child Development. Under his leadership, the Institute added a child development clinic and nursery school classrooms where they conducted research that would later accumulate into the area that would be called "Behavior Analysis of Child Development".
PubertéLa puberté est une étape du développement qui est atteinte lorsque les organes de la reproduction sont fonctionnels. Chez l'humain, elle désigne la transition de l'enfance à l'adulte. Elle se signale notamment par une croissance rapide due aux hormones de croissance et le développement des caractères sexuels primaires et secondaires dû aux hormones sexuelles, avec de notables changements comportementaux notamment un besoin accru de sommeil lié à un décalage de libération de la mélatonine.
Trouble du spectre de l'autismeUn trouble du spectre de l'autisme (anciennement trouble du spectre autistique) ou TSA (en autism spectrum disorder ou ASD) est un diagnostic de l'autisme depuis 2013, dans la du Manuel diagnostique et statistique de l'Association américaine de psychiatrie (DSM-5). Les éditions antérieures du DSM, et la de la Classification internationale des maladies de l'Organisation mondiale de la santé (CIM-10), utilisent la dénomination troubles envahissants du développement (ou TED).
