Résumé
Algorithmic composition is the technique of using algorithms to create music. Algorithms (or, at the very least, formal sets of rules) have been used to compose music for centuries; the procedures used to plot voice-leading in Western counterpoint, for example, can often be reduced to algorithmic determinacy. The term can be used to describe music-generating techniques that run without ongoing human intervention, for example through the introduction of chance procedures. However through live coding and other interactive interfaces, a fully human-centric approach to algorithmic composition is possible. Some algorithms or data that have no immediate musical relevance are used by composers as creative inspiration for their music. Algorithms such as fractals, L-systems, statistical models, and even arbitrary data (e.g. census figures, GIS coordinates, or magnetic field measurements) have been used as source materials. Compositional algorithms are usually classified by the specific programming techniques they use. The results of the process can then be divided into 1) music composed by computer and 2) music composed with the aid of computer. Music may be considered composed by computer when the algorithm is able to make choices of its own during the creation process. Another way to sort compositional algorithms is to examine the results of their compositional processes. Algorithms can either 1) provide notational information (sheet music or MIDI) for other instruments or 2) provide an independent way of sound synthesis (playing the composition by itself). There are also algorithms creating both notational data and sound synthesis. One way to categorize compositional algorithms is by their structure and the way of processing data, as seen in this model of six partly overlapping types: translational models mathematical models knowledge-based systems grammars optimization approaches evolutionary methods systems which learn hybrid systems This is an approach to music synthesis that involves "translating" information from an existing non-musical medium into a new sound.
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Cours associés (1)
DH-401: Digital musicology
This course will introduce students to the central topics in digital musicology and core theoretical approaches and methods. In the practical part, students will carry out a number of exercises.
Séances de cours associées (14)
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Publications associées (32)
Concepts associés (7)
Synthétiseur
Un synthétiseur (ou familièrement synthé, par apocope) est un instrument de musique électronique capable de créer et de moduler des sons sous forme de signal électrique. Il peut être utilisé pour imiter, avec plus ou moins de réalisme, des instruments de musique traditionnels, des bruits naturels ou encore pour créer des sonorités complètement originales. Les sonorités varient en fonction de la technique de synthèse sonore utilisée (tables d'ondes, échantillons, synthèse additive, synthèse soustractive, modulation de fréquence, modélisation physique, modulation de phase, synthèse granulaire).
Musique aléatoire
La musique aléatoire est un courant de la musique occidentale savante né dans la deuxième moitié du caractérisée par l'exploitation du hasard dans certains éléments de sa composition. Développée par des musiciens tels que John Cage ou Earle Brown, la musique aléatoire a attiré plusieurs compositeurs qui ont tenté de travailler avec le « hasard ». Cette option de hasard — ou d'aléa — s’articule pour John Cage autour du Yi Jing « Classique des changements ». La principale œuvre est "Music of Changes" écrite en 1951 pour piano.
Generative music
Generative music is a term popularized by Brian Eno to describe music that is ever-different and changing, and that is created by a system. In 1995 whilst working with SSEYO's Koan software (built by Tim Cole and Pete Cole who later evolved it to Noatikl then Wotja), Brian Eno used the term "generative music" to describe any music that is ever-different and changing, created by a system. The term has since gone on to be used to refer to a wide range of music, from entirely random music mixes created by multiple simultaneous CD playback, through to live rule-based computer composition.
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