Modèle déposéIn the United States, a design patent is a form of legal protection granted to the ornamental design of an article of manufacture. Design patents are a type of industrial design right. Ornamental designs of jewelry, furniture, beverage containers (Fig. 1) and computer icons are examples of objects that are covered by design patents. A similar intellectual property right, a registered design, can be obtained in other countries. In Kenya, Japan, South Korea and Hungary, industrial designs are registered after performing an official novelty search.
Copyright ClauseThe Copyright Clause (also known as the Intellectual Property Clause, Copyright and Patent Clause, or the Progress Clause) describes an enumerated power listed in the United States Constitution (Article I, Section 8, Clause 8). The clause, which is the basis of intellectual property laws in the United States and specifically copyright and patent laws, states that: [the United States Congress shall have power] To promote the Progress of Science and useful Arts, by securing for limited Times to Authors and Inventors the exclusive Right to their respective Writings and Discoveries.
Copyright law of the United KingdomUnder the law of the United Kingdom, a copyright is an intangible property right subsisting in certain qualifying subject matter. Copyright law is governed by the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 (the 1988 Act), as amended from time to time. As a result of increasing legal integration and harmonisation throughout the European Union a complete picture of the law can only be acquired through recourse to EU jurisprudence, On 12 September 2018, the European Parliament approved new copyright rules to help secure the rights of writers and musicians.
Industrial design rightAn industrial design right is an intellectual property right that protects the visual design of objects that are purely utilitarian. An industrial design consists of the creation of a shape, configuration or composition of pattern or color, or combination of pattern and color in three-dimensional form containing aesthetic value. An industrial design can be a two- or three-dimensional pattern used to produce a product, industrial commodity or handicraft.
DownloadIn computer networks, download means to receive data from a remote system, typically a server such as a web server, an server, an email server, or other similar systems. This contrasts with uploading, where data is sent to a remote server. A download is a offered for downloading or that has been downloaded, or the process of receiving such a file. Downloading generally transfers entire files for local storage and later use, as contrasted with streaming, where the data is used nearly immediately, while the transmission is still in progress, and which may not be stored long-term.
Copyright alternativesVarious copyright alternatives in an alternative compensation systems (ACS) have been proposed as ways to allow the widespread reproduction of digital copyrighted works while still paying the authors and copyright owners of those works. This article only discusses those proposals which involve some form of government intervention. Other models, such as the street performer protocol or voluntary collective licenses, could arguably be called "alternative compensation systems" although they are very different and generally less effective at solving the free rider problem.
Protection juridique des bases de donnéesLa protection juridique des bases de données est une forme de réglementation relative aux bases de données. Les bases de données sont contraintes à respecter la réglementation sur les données personnelles et l’ordre public. Inversement, les enjeux économiques (investissements souvent lourds) induits par la création et l'entretien des bases de données ont entraîné un développement important de leur protection à la fin des années 1990, sous l’impulsion du droit européen.
Eldred v. AshcroftEldred v. Ashcroft, 537 U.S. 186 (2003), was a decision by the Supreme Court of the United States upholding the constitutionality of the 1998 Sonny Bono Copyright Term Extension Act (CTEA). The practical result of this was to prevent a number of works from entering the public domain in 1998 and following years, as would have occurred under the Copyright Act of 1976. Materials which the plaintiffs had worked with and were ready to republish were now unavailable due to copyright restrictions.
Droit moralLes droits moraux sont des droits que détiennent les auteurs d'œuvres sous droits d'auteurs, reconnus dans les juridictions de Droit civil et, dans une moindre mesure, dans les juridictions de Droit coutumier. Ils comprennent le droit à l'attribution, le droit de publier l'œuvre anonymement ou sous pseudonyme, et le droit à l'intégrité de l'œuvre. Le droit à l'intégrité de l'œuvre permet à l'artiste de faire opposition à une altération, distorsion ou mutilation de l'œuvre qui porterait préjudice à l'honneur ou à la réputation de l'auteur.
Idea–expression distinctionThe idea–expression distinction or idea–expression dichotomy is a legal doctrine in the United States that limits the scope of copyright protection by differentiating an idea from the expression or manifestation of that idea. Unlike patents, which may confer proprietary rights in relation to general ideas and concepts per se when construed as methods, copyrights cannot confer such rights. An adventure novel provides an illustration of the concept.
