Specific performanceSpecific performance is an equitable remedy in the law of contract, whereby a court issues an order requiring a party to perform a specific act, such as to complete performance of the contract. It is typically available in the sale of land law, but otherwise is not generally available if damages are an appropriate alternative. Specific performance is almost never available for contracts of personal service, although performance may also be ensured through the threat of proceedings for contempt of court.
Exchequer of PleasThe Exchequer of Pleas, or Court of Exchequer, was a court that dealt with matters of equity, a set of legal principles based on natural law and common law in England and Wales. Originally part of the curia regis, or King's Council, the Exchequer of Pleas split from the curia in the 1190s to sit as an independent central court. The Court of Chancery's reputation for tardiness and expense resulted in much of its business transferring to the Exchequer.
Habeas corpusHabeas corpus, plus exactement Habeas corpus ad subjiciendum et recipiendum, est une notion juridique qui énonce une liberté fondamentale, celle de ne pas être emprisonné sans jugement, contraire de l'arbitraire qui permet d'arrêter n'importe qui sans raison valable. En vertu du principe, toute personne arrêtée a le droit de savoir pourquoi elle est arrêtée et de quoi elle est accusée. Ensuite, elle peut être libérée sous caution, puis amenée dans les jours qui suivent devant un juge.
Action collective (droit)Une action collective, action de groupe ou recours collectif (« class action » en anglais) est une action en justice ou une procédure qui permet à un grand nombre de personnes, souvent des consommateurs, de poursuivre une personne, souvent une entreprise ou une institution publique, afin d'obtenir une indemnisation financière. Originaire des États-Unis, cette procédure est maintenant répandue dans plusieurs pays de common law, comme le Canada, mais aussi dans plusieurs pays européens comme le Portugal ou l'Italie.
Use (law)Use, as a term in the property law of common law countries, amounts to a recognition of the duty of a person to whom property has been conveyed for certain purposes, to carry out those purposes. In this context "use" is equivalent to "benefit". Uses were equitable or beneficial interests in land. In early law a property owner could not dispose of his estate by will nor could religious houses acquire it.
EstoppelL'estoppel est un principe juridique d'origine anglaise (de common law) qui peut revêtir deux sens. Dans un premier sens, c'est une objection qui s'oppose, en droit international public, à ce qu'un État partie à un procès puisse contredire une position qu’il a prise antérieurement et dans laquelle les autres États ou des organisations internationales avaient placé leur légitime confiance. Dans un second sens, c'est une notion qui sanctionne, en droit civil de common law, les contradictions de comportement d'un plaideur au cours des phases successives du procès.
Haute Cour de justice (Angleterre et pays de Galles)thumb|upright=1.9|alt=Schéma représentant différents cours du système judiciaire de l'Angleterre et du pays de Galles. La Cour suprême se trouve au sommet de la hiérarchie.|Schéma des tribunaux de l'Angleterre et du pays du Galles. La Haute Cour de justice (en anglais : High Court of Justice ou England and Wales High Court, abrégé ) est, avec la Cour de la Couronne et la Cour d'appel, une des cours supérieures d’Angleterre et du pays de Galles. La Haute Cour est une juridiction de première instance.
Delaware Court of ChanceryThe Delaware Court of Chancery is a court of equity in the American state of Delaware. It is one of Delaware's three constitutional courts, along with the Supreme Court and Superior Court. Since 2018, the court consists of seven judges. The court is known for being a hub for corporate governance litigation in the United States, as two-thirds of Fortune 500 companies are incorporated in Delaware. Many companies prefer to incorporate in Delaware because of the state's corporate-friendly tax system and the Court's historical expertise in business litigation.
Judicature ActsIn the history of the courts of England and Wales, the Judicature Acts were a series of Acts of Parliament, beginning in the 1870s, which aimed to fuse the hitherto split system of courts of England and Wales. The first two Acts were the Supreme Court of Judicature Act 1873 (36 & 37 Vict. c. 66) and the Supreme Court of Judicature Act 1875 (38 & 39 Vict. c. 77), with a further series of amending acts (12 in all by 1899). By the Act of 1873 (ss.
Form of actionThe forms of action were the different procedures by which a legal claim could be made during much of the history of the English common law. Depending on the court, a plaintiff would purchase a writ in Chancery (or file a bill) which would set in motion a series of events eventually leading to a trial in one of the medieval common law courts. Each writ entailed a different set of procedures and remedies which together amounted to the "form of action". The forms of action were abolished during the 19th century, but they have left an indelible mark on the law.
