Covariance de Lorentz

Résumé

vignette|Illustration de l'espace-temps. En relativité restreinte, une quantité est dite covariante de Lorentz lorsque ses composantes forment une représentation du groupe de Lorentz. Par exemple le temps propre se transforme de façon particulièrement simple puisqu'il est invariant sous transformation de Lorentz, on dit que c'est une quantité scalaire et on parle de scalaire de Lorentz. La représentation associée du groupe de Lorentz est la représentation triviale. Un quadrivecteur (comme le quadrivecteur impulsion-énergie par exemple) est un autre exemple de quantité se transformant de façon covariante (la représentation associée est la représentation vectorielle du groupe de Lorentz). Tout produit tensoriel de quadrivecteurs est covariant de Lorentz. Le tenseur de Maxwell est un exemple de quantité covariante à deux indices. Notes et références Articles connexes

Invariance de Lorentz

Catégorie:Relativité restreinte

Source officielle

https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Covariance_de_Lorentz

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We study the renormalization group flow in strongly interacting field theories in the fermion sector corresponding to the transition from theories without a Lorentz invariance at high energies to theories with an approximate Lorentz invariance in the infrared limit. We use the holographic description of the strong coupling. We give special attention to the emergence of chiral fermions in the low-energy limit.

Springer Verlag2016

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Constraints on violation of Lorentz invariance from atmospheric showers initiated by multi-TeV photons

Sergey Sibiryakov

Parameterizing hypothetical violation of Lorentz invariance at high energies using the framework of effective quantum field theory, we discuss its effect on the formation of atmospheric showers by very-high-energy gamma rays. In the scenario where Lorentz invariance violation leads to a decrease of the photon velocity with energy the formation of the showers is suppressed compared to the Lorentz invariant case. Absence of such suppression in the high-energy part of spectrum of the Crab nebula measured independently by HEGRA and H.E.S.S. collaborations is used to set lower bounds on the energy scale of Lorentz invariance violation. These bounds are competitive with the strongest existing constraints obtained from timing of variable astrophysical sources and the absorption of TeV photons on the extragalactic background light. They will be further improved by the next generation of multi-TeV gamma-ray observatories.

Iop Publishing Ltd2017

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Inflationary perturbations with Lifshitz scaling

Sergey Sibiryakov

Instead of Lorentz invariance, gravitational degrees of freedom may obey Lifshitz scaling at high energies, as it happens in Horava's proposal for quantum gravity. We study consequences of this proposal for the spectra of primordial perturbations generated at inflation. Breaking of 4D diffeomorphism (Diff) invariance down to the foliation-preserving Diff in Horava-Lifshitz (HL) gravity leads to appearance of a scalar degree of freedom in the gravity sector, khronon, which describes dynamics of the time foliation. One can naively expect that mixing between inflaton and khronon will jeopardize conservation of adiabatic perturbations at super Hubble scales. This indeed happens in the projectable version of the theory. By contrast, we find that in the non-projectable version of HL gravity, khronon acquires an effective mass which is much larger than the Hubble scale well before the Hubble crossing time and decouples from the adiabatic curvature perturbation zeta sourced by the inflaton fluctuations. As a result, at super Hubble scales the adiabatic perturbation zeta behaves as in an effectively single field system and its spectrum is conserved in time. Lifshitz scaling is imprinted in the power spectrum of zeta through the modi fied dispersion relation of the inflaton. We point out violation of the consistency relation between the tensor-to-scalar ratio and the spectral tilt of primordial gravitational waves and suggest that it can provide a signal of Lorentz violation in inflationary era.

IOP PUBLISHING LTD2019

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