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Round-bottom flasks (also called round-bottomed flasks or RB flasks) are types of flasks having spherical bottoms used as laboratory glassware, mostly for chemical or biochemical work. They are typically made of glass for chemical inertness; and in modern days, they are usually made of heat-resistant borosilicate glass. There is at least one tubular section known as the neck with an opening at the tip. Two- or three-necked flasks are common as well. Round bottom flasks come in many sizes, from 5 mL to 20 L, with the sizes usually inscribed on the glass. In pilot plants even larger flasks are encountered. The ends of the necks are usually conical ground glass joints. These are standardized, and can accept any similarly-sized tapered (male) fittings. 24/40 is common for 250 mL or larger flasks, while smaller sizes such as 14/20 or 19/22 are used for smaller flasks. Because of the round bottom, cork rings are needed to keep the round bottom flasks upright. When in use, round-bottom flasks are commonly held at the neck by clamps on a stand. A round-bottom flask is featured prominently on the logo of the OPCW, the implementing body for the Chemical Weapons Convention. Heating and/or boiling of liquid. Distillation. Contain chemical reactions. Distilling flask in Rotary evaporators. Storage of the culture media. Preparation of gas-phase standards for flasks fitted with septa (requires volumetric calibration) The round bottoms on these types of flasks allow more uniform heating and/or boiling of liquid. Thus, round-bottom flasks are used in a variety of applications where the contents are heated or boiled. Round-bottom flasks are used in distillation by chemists as distilling flasks and receiving flasks for the distillate (see distillation diagram). One-neck round-bottom flasks are used as the distilling flasks in rotary evaporators. This flask shape is also more resistant to fracturing under vacuum, as a sphere more evenly distributes stress across its surface.

Assembling system between columns and a slab and construction process therefore

Aurelio Muttoni, Miguel Fernández Ruiz, Roberto Guidotti

A concrete slab assembling system comprising: -a reinforced concrete slab (1); -a supporting column (2); -a supported column (3), having a bottom-end with a reference outer diameter thereof; -an interface adaptor (10) for placement between the supported co ...

2011