Concept
Drug discovery
Concepts associés (58)
Virtual screening
Virtual screening (VS) is a computational technique used in drug discovery to search libraries of small molecules in order to identify those structures which are most likely to bind to a drug target, typically a protein receptor or enzyme. Virtual screening has been defined as "automatically evaluating very large libraries of compounds" using computer programs. As this definition suggests, VS has largely been a numbers game focusing on how the enormous chemical space of over 1060 conceivable compounds can be filtered to a manageable number that can be synthesized, purchased, and tested.
Pharmacognosie
La pharmacognosie (du grec pharmakon drogue, venin, poison et gnosis connaissance) ou matière médicale, est la science appliquée traitant des matières premières et des substances à potentialité médicamenteuse d’origine biologique ou minérale. Ces substances d’origine biologique sont issues de végétaux, d'animaux, de champignons ou de microbes (ex : issu de fermentation à partir de micro-organismes). Le médicament est la partie de l'organe, l’organe entier ou encore la totalité d’une plante, d’un champignon (drogue végétale) ou d’un animal (drogue animale).
Pharmacogénomique
La pharmacogénomique a pour objet l’étude des effets des gènes sur la réponse aux médicaments. Il est possible d'utiliser le séquençage (c'est-à-dire une lecture complète du génome), toutefois le génotypage est souvent plus utilisé (c'est-à-dire l'analyse de certaines parties de génome), car plus rapide et moins coûteux. Les prélèvements pour ces tests sont assez faciles à réaliser. Un prélèvement dans la joue est généralement utilisé et aucun test de sang n'est habituellement nécessaire.
Preclinical development
In drug development, preclinical development, also termed preclinical studies or nonclinical studies, is a stage of research that begins before clinical trials (testing in humans) and during which important feasibility, iterative testing and drug safety data are collected, typically in laboratory animals. The main goals of preclinical studies are to determine a starting, safe dose for first-in-human study and assess potential toxicity of the product, which typically include new medical devices, prescription drugs, and diagnostics.
Ethnomedicine
Ethnomedicine is a study or comparison of the traditional medicine based on bioactive compounds in plants and animals and practiced by various ethnic groups, especially those with little access to western medicines, e.g., indigenous peoples. The word ethnomedicine is sometimes used as a synonym for traditional medicine. Ethnomedical research is interdisciplinary; in its study of traditional medicines, it applies the methods of ethnobotany and medical anthropology. Often, the medicine traditions it studies are preserved only by oral tradition.
Reverse pharmacology
In the field of drug discovery, reverse pharmacology also known as target-based drug discovery (TDD), a hypothesis is first made that modulation of the activity of a specific protein target thought to be disease modifying will have beneficial therapeutic effects. Screening of chemical libraries of small molecules is then used to identify compounds that bind with high affinity to the target. The hits from these screens are then used as starting points for drug discovery.
Classical pharmacology
In the field of drug discovery, classical pharmacology, also known as forward pharmacology, or phenotypic drug discovery (PDD), relies on phenotypic screening (screening in intact cells or whole organisms) of chemical libraries of synthetic small molecules, natural products or extracts to identify substances that have a desirable therapeutic effect. Using the techniques of medicinal chemistry, the potency, selectivity, and other properties of these screening hits are optimized to produce candidate drugs.
Lipinski's rule of five
Lipinski's rule of five, also known as Pfizer's rule of five or simply the rule of five (RO5), is a rule of thumb to evaluate druglikeness or determine if a chemical compound with a certain pharmacological or biological activity has chemical properties and physical properties that would likely make it an orally active drug in humans. The rule was formulated by Christopher A. Lipinski in 1997, based on the observation that most orally administered drugs are relatively small and moderately lipophilic molecules.
GlaxoSmithKline
GSK, anciennement GlaxoSmithKline est une multinationale britannique, l'un des dix géants de l'industrie pharmaceutique mondiale. Elle résulte de la fusion entre et SmithKline Beecham en 2000. En 2022, GSK s’est séparé de toutes ses activités santé grand public pour donner naissance à Haleon. Le groupe concentre ses activités sur la prévention et le traitement de maladies grâce aux vaccins et aux médicaments de médecine générale et de spécialité. GSK est issu de la fusion, en , de deux entreprises pharmaceutiques britanniques, Glaxo Wellcome et SmithKline Beecham.
Chimiogénomique
La chimiogénomique (chimio, racine française) ou chemogénomique (chemo, racine latine ; provenant du mot anglais chemogenomics) peut être définie comme la science ayant pour objet l'étude de la réponse du génome à un composé chimique. Cependant, les avancées technologiques simultanées dans les domaines de la biologie (séquençage des génomes) et de la chimie (Microplaques de composés chimiques) modifient les processus de recherche dans ce domaine scientifique.