Agence de voyages | EPFL Graph Search

Une agence de voyages est une entreprise commerciale qui compose et vend des offres de voyages à ses clients. Elle joue le rôle d'intermédiaire et/ou d'agrégateur de services entre les clients et les différents prestataires sur le marché du tourisme : compagnies aériennes, hôteliers, loueurs de voiture, compagnies d'assurances, etc. En France L'agence de voyages remplit le rôle de conseil en s'assurant ou en avertissant des formalités nécessaires à l'entrée dans un pays. Elle ferme également les destinations à la vente selon les recommandations du ministère de l'Europe et des Affaires étrangères (pour la France) et gère avec ses fournisseurs les problèmes pouvant être rencontrés. Elle peut être agence distributrice, agence réceptive ou voyagiste. On estime à plus de le nombre d'agences de voyages en France fin 2018. La majorité d'entre elles font partie de réseaux, qu'il s'agisse de réseaux intégrés (comme American Express), franchisés (comme Thomas Cook), ou volontair

When walking peters out: investigating distance-decay and time-decay for daily walking

Derek Pierre Christie, Fernando Anisio De Oliveira Simas, Vincent Kaufmann, Emmanuel Pierre Jean Ravalet, Dominic Villeneuve

In Switzerland, walking accounts for 30% of trips and 44% of single-mode episodes. This is higher than in many countries but does not account for walking distances or durations, which tend to be short according to evidence from North America. This contribution investigates distances and times at which walking peters out, comparing Switzerland, Canada and the USA. We used the 2010 Swiss mobility and transport micro-census, a country-wide representative sample of 62'868 residents who underwent a telephone and computer-assisted interview relating to their mobility behaviour on a single day. We extracted single-mode walking episodes, excluding those starting and terminating at home. Results: in Switzerland, among the 66'090 identified single-mode walking episodes, 45% were leisure-related. Mean and median values differed considerably due to negative exponential distributions. Mean values were around 550-930 metres for most types of destination; only leisure-related walks were significantly longer, at 1.8 km (overall average: 1.3 km). Mean walking time was 20 minutes, strongly influenced by leisure-related walking whose duration (33 minutes) was 2-3 times higher than for other motives. Mean walks to work took six-and-a-half minutes, over 581 metres; shopping-related walks averaged 9 minutes for 613 metres. In Halifax, a county-sized municipality in Canada, Millward et al. (2013) found mean values for single-episode walking of 9 minutes for 670 metres. The 25th, 50th (median) and 75th percentiles were 3, 6 and 12 minutes, for respectively 230, 480 and 860 metres. Corresponding values in Switzerland were 5, 10 and 20 minutes, for 300, 600 and 1500 metres, respectively. Investigation of USA-wide travel survey results (Yang and Diez-Roux, 2012) yielded mean and median walking distances (all purposes combined) of respectively 1.13 km and 800 m, with mean and median durations of around 15 and 10 minutes, respectively. However, the USA data included walks originating and finishing at home, which tend to be longer. Conclusions: in all three countries, half of all walking trips are under the 500-800 metre mark and last less than 6-10 minutes. Policy implications: up to now, the global walking-promotion agenda has concentrated on increasing mode shares; this research suggests that emphasis should be put on increasing walking times and distances, especially for non-leisure destinations. Municipalities require the support of other policy levels to answer this challenge.

2018

When walking peters out: investigating distance-decay and time-decay for daily walking

Derek Pierre Christie, Fernando Anisio De Oliveira Simas, Vincent Kaufmann, Emmanuel Pierre Jean Ravalet, Dominic Villeneuve

2018