Glycomics is the comprehensive study of glycomes (the entire complement of sugars, whether free or present in more complex molecules of an organism), including genetic, physiologic, pathologic, and other aspects. Glycomics "is the systematic study of all glycan structures of a given cell type or organism" and is a subset of glycobiology. The term glycomics is derived from the chemical prefix for sweetness or a sugar, "glyco-", and was formed to follow the omics naming convention established by genomics (which deals with genes) and proteomics (which deals with proteins).
The complexity of sugars: regarding their structures, they are not linear instead they are highly branched. Moreover, glycans can be modified (modified sugars), this increases its complexity.
Complex biosynthetic pathways for glycans.
Usually glycans are found either bound to protein (glycoprotein) or conjugated with lipids (glycolipids).
Unlike genomes, glycans are highly dynamic.
This area of research has to deal with an inherent level of complexity not seen in other areas of applied biology. 68 building blocks (molecules for DNA, RNA and proteins; categories for lipids; types of sugar linkages for saccharides) provide the structural basis for the molecular choreography that constitutes the entire life of a cell. DNA and RNA have four building blocks each (the nucleosides or nucleotides). Lipids are divided into eight categories based on ketoacyl and isoprene. Proteins have 20 (the amino acids). Saccharides have 32 types of sugar linkages. While these building blocks can be attached only linearly for proteins and genes, they can be arranged in a branched array for saccharides, further increasing the degree of complexity.
Add to this the complexity of the numerous proteins involved, not only as carriers of carbohydrate, the glycoproteins, but proteins specifically involved in binding and reacting with carbohydrate:
Carbohydrate-specific enzymes for synthesis, modulation, and degradation
Lectins, carbohydrate-binding proteins of all sorts
Receptors, circulating or membrane-bound carbohydrate-binding receptors
To answer this question one should know the different and important functions of glycans.
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In systems biology, proteomics represents an essential pillar. The understanding of protein function and regulation provides key information to decipher the complexity of living systems. Proteomic tec
In molecular biology, an interactome is the whole set of molecular interactions in a particular cell. The term specifically refers to physical interactions among molecules (such as those among proteins, also known as protein–protein interactions, PPIs; or between small molecules and proteins) but can also describe sets of indirect interactions among genes (genetic interactions). The word "interactome" was originally coined in 1999 by a group of French scientists headed by Bernard Jacq.
Le glycome désigne en biologie l'effectif total de sucres (ou glucides) d'une cellule (bactérie par exemple) ou d'un organisme, que ces sucres soient libres ou présents de manière polymérisée (amidon par exemple) dans des molécules complexes. Le glycome, omniprésent dans le vivant, est aux échelles nanométriques et microscopiques l'une des entités les plus complexes du monde nature, plus complexe et varié encore que le monde des protéines.
Les branches de la science connues sous le nom d'omiques (ou -omiques) sont constituées de diverses disciplines de la biologie dont les noms se terminent par le suffixe « -omique », comme la génomique, la protéomique, la métabolomique, la métagénomique et la transcriptomique. Les « omiques » visent la caractérisation et la quantification collectives de pools de molécules biologiques qui se traduisent par la structure, la fonction et la dynamique d'un ou plusieurs organismes: le tout étant souvent utilisé pour décrire ou comprendre un phénotype.
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Glycans play an essential role in numerous physiological and pathological processes of living organisms. Despite their significant biological relevance, glycobiology remains one of the least explored fields of biochemistry. The intrinsic isomeric complexit ...
EPFL2023
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The high isomericcomplexity of glycans makes them particularlydifficult to analyze. While ultra-high-resolution ion mobility spectrometry(IMS) can offer rapid baseline separation of many glycan isomers,their unambiguous identification remains a challenging ...
AMER CHEMICAL SOC2023
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The structural complexity of glycans makes their characterization challenging, not only because of the presence of various isomeric forms of the precursor molecule but also because the fragments can themselves be isomeric. We have recently developed an IMS ...