In mathematics (and more specifically geometry), a semicircle is a one-dimensional locus of points that forms half of a circle. It is a circular arc that measures 180° (equivalently, pi radians, or a half-turn). It has only one line of symmetry (reflection symmetry).
In non-technical usage, the term "semicircle" is sometimes used to refer to either a closed curve that also includes the diameter segment from one end of the arc to the other or to the half-disk, which is a two-dimensional geometric region that further includes all the interior points.
By Thales' theorem, any triangle inscribed in a semicircle with a vertex at each of the endpoints of the semicircle and the third vertex elsewhere on the semicircle is a right triangle, with a right angle at the third vertex.
All lines intersecting the semicircle perpendicularly are concurrent at the center of the circle containing the given semicircle.
A semicircle can be used to construct the arithmetic and geometric means of two lengths using straight-edge and compass. For a semicircle with a diameter of a + b, the length of its radius is the arithmetic mean of a and b (since the radius is half of the diameter).
The geometric mean can be found by dividing the diameter into two segments of lengths a and b, and then connecting their common endpoint to the semicircle with a segment perpendicular to the diameter. The length of the resulting segment is the geometric mean. This can be proven by applying the Pythagorean theorem to three similar right triangles, each having as vertices the point where the perpendicular touches the semicircle and two of the three endpoints of the segments of lengths a and b.
The construction of the geometric mean can be used to transform any rectangle into a square of the same area, a problem called the quadrature of a rectangle. The side length of the square is the geometric mean of the side lengths of the rectangle. More generally, it is used as a lemma in a general method for transforming any polygonal shape into a similar copy of itself with the area of any other given polygonal shape.
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This course is an introduction to the theory of Riemann surfaces. Riemann surfaces naturally appear is mathematics in many different ways: as a result of analytic continuation, as quotients of complex
In mathematics (and more specifically geometry), a semicircle is a one-dimensional locus of points that forms half of a circle. It is a circular arc that measures 180° (equivalently, pi radians, or a half-turn). It has only one line of symmetry (reflection symmetry). In non-technical usage, the term "semicircle" is sometimes used to refer to either a closed curve that also includes the diameter segment from one end of the arc to the other or to the half-disk, which is a two-dimensional geometric region that further includes all the interior points.
thumb|Un arc de cercle (parme) de rayon R et de longueur d, avec son angle au centre α, sa corde 2c et sa flèche t Un arc de cercle est une portion de cercle limitée par deux points. Deux points A et B d'un cercle découpent celui-ci en deux arcs. Quand les points ne sont pas diamétralement opposés, l'un des arcs est plus petit qu'un demi-cercle et l'autre plus grand qu'un demi-cercle. Le plus petit des arcs est, en général, noté et l'autre parfois noté . On considère un cercle de centre O, et un arc d'extrémités A et B.
En géométrie, les cercles d’Archimède sont deux cercles de même aire construits à l’intérieur d’un arbelos. Ils apparaissent dans le Livre des lemmes, attribué à l’époque médiévale au mathématicien grec Archimède, d’où leur nom. thumb|upright=1.5|Cercles jumeaux d'Archimède avec le plus petit cercle les contenant On considère un arbelos formé par un demi-cercle de diamètre [AB] ,et deux demi-cercles de diamètres [AM] et [MB] (M étant un point du segment [AB]). Le segment [MC] est la demi-corde perpendiculaire à (AB) passant par M.
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