Vehicle emissions control is the study of reducing the emissions produced by motor vehicles, especially internal combustion engines.
Emissions of many air pollutants have been shown to have variety of negative effects on public health and the natural environment. Emissions that are principal pollutants of concern include:
Hydrocarbons (HC) – A class of burned or partially burned fuel, hydrocarbons are toxins. Hydrocarbons are a major contributor to smog, which can be a major problem in urban areas. Prolonged exposure to hydrocarbons contributes to asthma, liver disease, lung disease, and cancer. Regulations governing hydrocarbons vary according to type of engine and jurisdiction; in some cases, "non-methane hydrocarbons" are regulated, while in other cases, "total hydrocarbons" are regulated. Technology for one application (to meet a non-methane hydrocarbon standard) may not be suitable for use in an application that has to meet a total hydrocarbon standard. Methane is not directly toxic, but is more difficult to break down in fuel vent lines and a charcoal canister is meant to collect and contain fuel vapors and route them either back to the fuel tank or, after the engine is started and warmed up, into the air intake to be burned in the engine.
Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) – Organic compounds which typically have a boiling point less than or equal to 250 °C; for example chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and formaldehyde.
Carbon monoxide (CO) – A product of incomplete combustion, inhaled carbon monoxide reduces the blood's ability to carry oxygen; overexposure (carbon monoxide poisoning) may be fatal. (Carbon monoxide persistently binds to hemoglobin, the oxygen-carrying chemical in red blood cells, where oxygen (O2) would temporarily bind. The bonding of CO excludes O2 and also reduces the ability of the hemoglobin to release already-bound oxygen, on both counts rendering the red blood cells ineffective. Recovery is by the slow release of bound CO and the body's production of new hemoglobin - a healing process - so full recovery from moderate to severe [but nonfatal] CO poisoning takes hours or days.
Cette page est générée automatiquement et peut contenir des informations qui ne sont pas correctes, complètes, à jour ou pertinentes par rapport à votre recherche. Il en va de même pour toutes les autres pages de ce site. Veillez à vérifier les informations auprès des sources officielles de l'EPFL.
The course is an introduction to heterogeneous catalysis for environmental protection and energy production. It focusses on catalytic exhaust gas cleaning as well as catalytic systems relevant for gas
This course on applied wastewater treatment focuses on engineering and scientific aspects to achieve high effluent water quality and to handle wastes and air emissions generated in wastewater treatmen
This course examines the supply of energy from various angles: available resources, how they can be combined or substituted, their private and social costs, whether they can meet the demand, and how t
Vehicle emissions control is the study of reducing the emissions produced by motor vehicles, especially internal combustion engines. Emissions of many air pollutants have been shown to have variety of negative effects on public health and the natural environment. Emissions that are principal pollutants of concern include: Hydrocarbons (HC) – A class of burned or partially burned fuel, hydrocarbons are toxins. Hydrocarbons are a major contributor to smog, which can be a major problem in urban areas.
Le pot catalytique ou catalyseur est un élément de l'ensemble du pot d'échappement des moteurs à combustion interne qui vise à réduire la nocivité des gaz d'échappement. thumb|Vue « en écorché » d'un pot catalytique à enveloppe en inox.Dès la toute fin du , alors que seulement quelques milliers de voitures « à pétrole » sont en circulation, sont conçus en France des premiers prototypes de pots catalytiques automobiles, constitués d'une matière inerte « de contact » imprégnée de platine, d'iridium et de palladium, enfermée dans un cylindre métallique à double paroi isolante traversé de part en part par les gaz d'échappement.
vignette|upright|Moteur à quatre temps. Un moteur à combustion interne ou MCI ( ou ICE) est un type de , c'est-à-dire un moteur permettant d'obtenir un travail mécanique à partir d'un gaz en surpression, cette dernière étant obtenue à l'aide d'un processus de combustion. Dans le cas d'un moteur à combustion interne, cette combustion a lieu à l'intérieur du moteur. Il existe deux grands types de moteurs à combustion interne : les moteurs produisant un couple sur un arbre mécanique et les moteurs à réaction éjectant rapidement un fluide par une tuyère.
Explore les techniques avancées de caractérisation des catalyseurs, y compris les changements de fréquence d'étirement du CO sur les surfaces Pt et les techniques de réflexion pour l'étude des événements aux interfaces.
Explore des cuisinières propres afin d'améliorer la qualité de l'air intérieur et la ventilation grâce à des recherches continues et des ressources pour la participation.
Growing population, consuming a large amount of energy such as combustion of fossil fuel, increasing pollutant emissions in the atmosphere are the threats to the sustainable development of our planet
EPFL2010
Bogota has more than 8 million inhabitants and is the 5th biggest urban agglomeration in Latin America. It has more than one million vehicles and a large number of small industries. High levels of air