Boson de Goldstone

Résumé

Le boson de Goldstone, parfois appelé boson de Nambu-Goldstone, est un type de particule dont l’existence est impliquée par le phénomène de brisure spontanée de symétrie. D’abord prédit par Yoichiro Nambu puis théorisé par Jeffrey Goldstone, il fait aujourd’hui partie intégrante de la théorie quantique des champs. Il est de spin et masse nuls, bien qu’il puisse acquérir une masse dans certains cas en devenant ainsi un . Histoire La nécessité d'un boson de Goldstone dans le modèle standard vient du fait que les bosons de jauge étaient alors supposés ne pas avoir de masse. L’apparition de la théorie de l’interaction électrofaible, qui prévoit des bosons (nommément les bosons W+, W− et Z0) possédant une masse et un degré de liberté supplémentaire par rapport aux bosons de jauge sans masse comme le photon, semble alors contredire le modèle standard. Ce problème, réglé par la découverte du mécanisme de Higgs, nécessite la création de particules qui, en comblant

Source officielle

https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boson_de_Goldstone

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Presentation of the electroweak and strong interaction theories that constitute the Standard Model of particle physics. The course also discusses the new theories proposed to solve the problems of the Standard Model.

This course is an introduction to the non-perturbative bootstrap approach to Conformal Field Theory and to the Gauge/Gravity duality, emphasizing the fruitful interplay between these two ideas.

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Composite Higgs as a Viable Scenario for Electro-Weak Symmetry Breaking

Jan Mrazek

This thesis presents a general discussion of the Composite Higgs scenario of Electro-Weak Symmetry Breaking (EWSB). We start by reviewing the Standard Model of Electro-Weak interaction, discussing its experimental tests and conceptual pitfalls. Emphasis is given to the effective field theory point of view. In particular, the inherent tension related to the stability of the Electro-Weak scale motivates us to explore the possibility of having the Higgs field emerging as a Nambu-Goldstone boson from a new strongly coupled sector. Our construction is to a large extent inspired by the picture of the long range dynamics of QCD. The main ingredients are the symmetry of the UV theory, the pattern of its spontaneous breakdown and the sources of explicit breaking. In QCD, the latter are provided by the light quark masses and by the electromagnetic interaction. In Composite Higgs models, the most relevant symmetry breaking couplings are those related to the generation of the third family quark Yukawas through partial compositeness. They generate a potential for the Higgs and thus trigger EWSB. The constraints on the scenario are exposed, with a particular emphasis on the composite Two Higgs Doublet Model (THDM). While a residual SO(4) symmetry is sufficient to ensure a realistic phenomenology in presence of a single composite Higgs doublet, an extended Higgs sector needs more symmetries. For two doublets we show how either CP or a ℤ2 symmetry can play this role and construct a model for each realisation relying on the SO(6)/SO(4) × SO(2) coset. Finally, we discuss the phenomenology of this scenario. In particular, we present de differences between an elementary and a composite THDM. We also conclude that composite fermions associated to the third family quarks seem to be the most promising experimental handles for these models. We discuss their discovery range at the LHC, and the possibility of measuring the structure of their couplings. This knowledge would allow important insight into the strong dynamics.

EPFL2011

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Semiclassics, Goldstone bosons and CFT data

Alexander Monin, David Pirtskhalava, Riccardo Rattazzi, Fiona Katharina Seibold

Hellerman et al. (arXiv:1505.01537) have shown that in a generic CFT the spectrum of operators carrying a large U(1) charge can be analyzed semiclassically in an expansion in inverse powers of the charge. The key is the operator state correspondence by which such operators are associated with a finite density superfluid phase for the theory quantized on the cylinder. The dynamics is dominated by the corresponding Goldstone hydrodynamic mode and the derivative expansion coincides with the inverse charge expansion. We illustrate and further clarify this situation by first considering simple quantum mechanical analogues. We then systematize the approach by employing the coset construction for non-linearly realized space-time symmetries. Focussing on CFT3 we illustrate the case of higher rank and non-abelian groups and the computation of higher point functions. Three point function coefficients turn out to satisfy universal scaling laws and correlations as the charge and spin are varied.

Springer2017

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We show that it is not possible to UV complete certain low-energy effective theories with spontaneously broken spacetime symmetries by embedding them into linear sigma models, that is, by adding "radial" modes and restoring the broken symmetries. When such a UV completion is not possible, one can still raise the cutoff up to arbitrarily higher energies by adding fields that transform nonlinearly under the broken symmetries, that is, new Goldstone bosons. However, this (partial) UV completion does not necessarily restore any of the broken symmetries. We illustrate this point by considering a concrete example in which a combination of spacetime and internal symmetries is broken down to a diagonal subgroup. Along the way, we clarify a recently proposed interpretation of inverse Higgs constraints as gauge-fixing conditions.

Amer Physical Soc2014

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Composite Higgs as a Viable Scenario for Electro-Weak Symmetry Breaking

Jan Mrazek

EPFL2011