Toxic multinodular goitreToxic multinodular goiter (TMNG), also known as multinodular toxic goiter (MNTG), is an active multinodular goiter associated with hyperthyroidism. It is a common cause of hyperthyroidism in which there is excess production of thyroid hormones from functionally autonomous thyroid nodules, which do not require stimulation from thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH). Toxic multinodular goiter is the second most common cause of hyperthyroidism (after Graves' disease) in the developed world, whereas iodine deficiency is the most common cause of hypothyroidism in developing-world countries where the population is iodine-deficient.
Sel iodéLe sel iodé est un sel alimentaire enrichi en iode, de façon à réduire les risques de carence en iode. Cet élément est indispensable à la production des hormones thyroïdiennes et sa carence peut entraîner la formation de goitre, un retard de croissance et divers troubles mentaux. Dans le monde, deux milliards de personnes souffrent d'un manque d'iode, qui serait la première cause évitable de retard mental. Dans un régime alimentaire de très faibles quantités d'iode suffisent à prévenir ces problèmes.
OligoménorrhéeOligomenorrhea is infrequent (or, in occasional usage, very light) menstruation. More strictly, it is menstrual periods occurring at intervals of greater than 35 days, with only four to nine periods in a year. Menstrual periods should have been regularly established before the development of infrequent flow. The duration of such events may vary. Oligomenorrhea can be a result of prolactinomas (adenomas of the anterior pituitary). It may be caused by thyrotoxicosis, hormonal changes in perimenopause, Prader–Willi syndrome, and Graves' disease.
Syndrome de SheehanLe syndrome de Sheehan est une nécrose de l'hypophyse secondaire à une hémorragie du post-partum ou à un traumatisme crânien. Le premier symptôme classiquement décrit est l'absence de montée laiteuse dans le post-partum. Il y a ensuite une insuffisance anté-hypophysaire. C'est lombe Actuellement, le syndrome de Sheehan est rare en France, d'abord parce que l'encadrement médical de l'accouchement permet d'éviter ou de traiter les hémorragies du post-partum et ensuite car il est possible que de nombreux cas de syndrome de Sheehan soient en fait des hypophysites lymphocytaires.
Thyroid diseaseThyroid disease is a medical condition that affects the function of the thyroid gland. The thyroid gland is located at the front of the neck and produces thyroid hormones that travel through the blood to help regulate many other organs, meaning that it is an endocrine organ. These hormones normally act in the body to regulate energy use, infant development, and childhood development. There are five general types of thyroid disease, each with their own symptoms. A person may have one or several different types at the same time.
Graves' ophthalmopathyGraves’ ophthalmopathy, also known as thyroid eye disease (TED), is an autoimmune inflammatory disorder of the orbit and periorbital tissues, characterized by upper eyelid retraction, lid lag, swelling, redness (erythema), conjunctivitis, and bulging eyes (exophthalmos). It occurs most commonly in individuals with Graves' disease, and less commonly in individuals with Hashimoto's thyroiditis, or in those who are euthyroid. It is part of a systemic process with variable expression in the eyes, thyroid, and skin, caused by autoantibodies that bind to tissues in those organs.
Hormone thyréotropeL'hormone thyréotrope (TRH, de l'thyrotropin-releasing hormone), également appelée thyréolibérine ou protiréline sous sa forme synthétique, est une hormone peptidique produite par l'hypothalamus qui stimule la synthèse et la libération de la thyréostimuline (TSH) et de la prolactine par l'hypophyse antérieure. Il s'agit d'un tripeptide de ayant pour séquence . L'hypophyse a une action sur la thyroïde par l'intermédiaire de la TSH. Elle-même est sous le contrôle d'un facteur hypothalamique : la TRH.
Desiccated thyroid extractDesiccated thyroid, also known as thyroid extract, is thyroid gland that has been dried and powdered for medical use. It is used to treat hypothyroidism. It is less preferred than levothyroxine. It is taken by mouth. Maximal effects may take up to three weeks to occur. Side effects may occur from excessive doses. This may include weight loss, fever, headache, anxiety, trouble sleeping, arrythmias, and heart failure. Other side effects may include allergic reactions. Use in pregnancy and breastfeeding is generally safe.
IrritabilitéIrritability (also informally called crankiness) is the excitatory ability that living organisms have to respond to changes in their environment. The term is used for both the physiological reaction to stimuli and for the pathological, abnormal or excessive sensitivity to stimuli. When reflecting human emotion and behavior, it is commonly defined as the tendency to react to stimuli with negative affective states (especially anger) and temper outbursts, which can be aggressive.
Pelade (médecine)vignette|Alopécie areata sur le cuir chevelu La pelade est un type d'alopécie, probablement d'origine auto-immune, provoquant la chute des cheveux et/ou des poils sur des zones délimitées. Elle est spécifique des phanères. Il existe principalement trois formes de pelade : alopécie areata (atteinte localisée par plaques) ; alopécie totalis (atteinte localisée à la tête) ; alopécie universalis (atteinte généralisée à l'ensemble du corps).
