Concept
Bouddhisme pré-sectaire
Concepts associés (27)
Cinq Préceptes
Les Cinq Préceptes (en sanskrit pañcaśīla, et en pali pañcasīla ou pañcasikkhāpada, ) sont les préceptes de base (śīla) que les bouddhistes laïcs (les upāsakas et les upāsikās) doivent veiller à observer afin de bien progresser sur la voie indiquée par le bouddha Shakyamuni; ils garantissent au moins aux pratiquants de ne pas rétrograder dans les mondes inférieurs (monde des animaux, monde des esprits errants et monde de l'enfer) lors de leur renaissance après la vie présente.
Kammatthana
In Buddhism, is a Pali word (Sanskrit: karmasthana) which literally means place of work. Its original meaning was someone's occupation (farming, trading, cattle-tending, etc.) but this meaning has developed into several distinct but related usages all having to do with Buddhist meditation. Its most basic meaning is as a word for meditation, with meditation being the main occupation of Buddhist monks. In Burma, senior meditation practitioners are known as "kammatthanacariyas" (meditation masters).
Samatha
Samatha (en pali) ou shamatha (en sanscrit : शमथ, IAST : śamatha), en tibétain chiné (ཞི་གནས་), désigne dans le bouddhisme la « tranquillité de l'esprit », la « quiétude » ou le « calme mental », et par extension la première étape des pratiques de méditation bouddhique permettant de développer cet état. La deuxième étape de la méditation bouddhique est la pratique de vipassanā, la « vue profonde ». méditation bouddhique La tradition tibétaine se fonde sur les textes de base suivants : le Ratnamegha sutra, le et sur les de Kamalashila.
Nirvana (Buddhism)
Nirvana (Sanskrit: निर्वाण, ; Pali: ) is "blowing out" or "quenching" of the activity of the grasping mind and its related unease. Nirvana is the goal of many Buddhist paths, and marks the soteriological release from worldly suffering and rebirths in saṃsāra. Nirvana is part of the Third Truth on "cessation of dukkha" in the Four Noble Truths, and the "summum bonum of Buddhism and goal of the Eightfold Path.
Pali literature
Pali literature is concerned mainly with Theravada Buddhism, of which Pali is the traditional language. The earliest and most important Pali literature constitutes the Pāli Canon, the authoritative scriptures of Theravada school. Pali literature includes numerous genres, including Suttas (Buddhist discourses), Vinaya (monastic discipline), Abhidhamma (philosophy), poetry, history, philology, hagiography, scriptural exegesis, and meditation manuals. The Pali language is a composite language which draws on various Middle Indo-Aryan languages.
Ajñana
Ajñāna (अज्ञान) was one of the nāstika or "heterodox" schools of ancient Indian philosophy, and the ancient school of radical Indian skepticism. It was a Śramaṇa movement and a major rival of early Buddhism, Jainism and the Ājīvika school. They have been recorded in Buddhist and Jain texts. They held that it was impossible to obtain knowledge of metaphysical nature or ascertain the truth value of philosophical propositions; and even if knowledge was possible, it was useless and disadvantageous for final salvation.
Patimokkha
vignette|Moine Bouddhiste dans le temple de Uposatha en Thaïlande. Patimokkha (?, (pāṭimokkha) ou pratimokṣa (प्रतिमोक्ष, pratimokṣa, prati signifie, « avancer », « en avant » et mokṣa signifie « libération » (dans le sens de libération de l'existence cyclique)) ou encore prātimokṣa, est dans le bouddhisme le nom donné à un ensemble de règles de conduite; dans l'école theravada elles sont 227 réparties en sept sections, devant être respectées par les moines (bhikkhu). Il fait partie du Suttavibhanga, division du Vinaya Pitaka.
Eight precepts
In Buddhism, the eight precepts (aṣṭāṇga-śīla or aṣṭā-sīla, aṭṭhaṅga-sīla or aṭṭha-sīla) is a list of precepts that are observed by lay Buddhists on observance days and festivals. They include general precepts such as refraining from killing, but also more specific ones, such as abstaining from cosmetics and entertainments. This tradition of keeping the eight precepts on observance days are still widely practice in all Theravadin Buddhist countries and Theravadin Buddhist communities worldwide.
Vijñāna
Vijñāna (Sanskrit devanāgarī: विज्ञान; Pāli : viññāna) est un concept de la philosophie indienne qui signifie connaissance, savoir, discernement, compréhension, intellect ; science. Dans le Bouddhisme, vijñāna est la connaissance discriminante, l'un des cinq agrégats (skandha). Vijñāna désigne une conscience phénoménologique. Il s'agit d'un accident plutôt que d'une essence, d'un simple phénomène mental plutôt que d'une réalité éternelle.
Enlightenment in Buddhism
The English term enlightenment is the Western translation of various Buddhist terms, most notably bodhi and vimutti. The abstract noun bodhi (ˈboʊdi; Sanskrit: बोधि; Pali: bodhi), means the knowledge or wisdom, or awakened intellect, of a Buddha. The verbal root budh- means "to awaken," and its literal meaning is closer to awakening. Although the term buddhi is also used in other Indian philosophies and traditions, its most common usage is in the context of Buddhism. Vimukti is the freedom from or release of the fetters and hindrances.