Vote obligatoireOn parle de vote obligatoire dans les pays où l'absence de participation aux opérations de vote, un jour de scrutin, est passible de sanctions. ont des lois rendant le vote obligatoire, mais tous n'appliquent pas des sanctions même quand ces sanctions (généralement des amendes, voire plus en cas de récidive) sont inscrites dans la loi. L’article 101 de la loi électorale rend l’inscription sur les listes électorales obligatoire et l’article 245, quant à lui, rend obligatoire la présence à tous les votes (élections nationales, c’est-à-dire l’élection de députés et de sénateurs, et référendums).
SuffragetteLe terme suffragettes (en anglais : ) désigne, en son sens strict, les militantes de la Women's Social and Political Union, une organisation créée en 1903 pour revendiquer le droit de vote des femmes au Royaume-Uni. Ses modes d’action, fondés sur la provocation, rompirent avec la bienséance qui dominait jusqu’alors le mouvement suffragiste britannique. En 1918, les femmes britanniques obtinrent le droit de vote à partir de (les hommes pouvaient, eux, voter dès l'âge de ).
Youth suffrageYouth suffrage is the right of youth to vote and forms part of the broader universal suffrage and youth rights movements. Most democracies have lowered the voting age to between 16 and 18, while some advocates for children's suffrage hope to remove age restrictions entirely. Suffrage The "one man, one vote" democratic ideal supports giving voting rights to as many people as possible in order for the wisdom of a more representative electorate to create better outcomes for society.
Representation of the People Act 1918Le , parfois surnommé , est une loi du Parlement du Royaume-Uni, votée et sanctionnée le , à la base du système électoral moderne du pays. La loi, « plus vaste et profonde qu'aucune autre loi similaire dans l'histoire du Royaume-Uni », érige un système électoral « presque entièrement nouveau ». En dehors des dispositions techniques, rendues nécessaires par le chaos administratif créé par la Première Guerre mondiale, les principales dispositions sont l'établissement du suffrage universel masculin et du suffrage censitaire pour les femmes de plus de trente ans.
Vote pluralvignette|Auguste Beernaert (1829-1912), politicen belge, premier ministre et Prix Nobel de la Paix 1909 qui mit en place le vote plural. Le vote plural est la pratique par laquelle un seul individu a le droit de voter plusieurs fois à une même élection, en raison de critères de propriété, d'imposition, de scolarisation ou de statut social. Il s'agit d'une variante du suffrage censitaire et du suffrage capacitaire.
Freedom in the WorldFreedom in the World is a yearly survey and report by the U.S.-based non-governmental organization Freedom House that measures the degree of civil liberties and political rights in every nation and significant related and disputed territories around the world. Freedom in the World was launched in 1973 by Raymond Gastil. It produces annual scores representing the levels of political rights and civil liberties in each state and territory, on a scale from 1 (most free) to 7 (least free).
Literacy testA literacy test assesses a person's literacy skills: their ability to read and write. Literacy tests have been administered by various governments, particularly to immigrants. In the US, between the 1850s and 1960s, literacy tests administered to voters had the effect of disenfranchising African Americans and other groups with diminished access to education. Other countries, notably Australia, as part of its White Australia policy, and South Africa adopted literacy tests either to exclude certain racialized groups from voting or to prevent them from immigrating.
Democracy indicesDemocracy indices are quantitative and comparative assessments of the state of democracy for different countries according to various definitions of democracy. The democracies indices differ in whether they are categorical, such as classifying countries into democracies, hybrid regimes, and autocracies, or continuous values. The qualitative nature of democracy indices enables data analytical approaches for studying causal mechanisms of regime transformation processes.
Timeline of women's suffrageWomen's suffrage – the right of women to vote – has been achieved at various times in countries throughout the world. In many nations, women's suffrage was granted before universal suffrage, in which cases women and men from certain socioeconomic classes or races were still unable to vote. Some countries granted suffrage to both sexes at the same time. This timeline lists years when women's suffrage was enacted. Some countries are listed more than once, as the right was extended to more women according to age, land ownership, etc.
Universal manhood suffrageUniversal manhood suffrage is a form of voting rights in which all adult male citizens within a political system are allowed to vote, regardless of income, property, religion, race, or any other qualification. It is sometimes summarized by the slogan, "one man, one vote". In 1789, Revolutionary France adopted the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen and, although short-lived, the National Convention was elected by all men in 1792. It was revoked by the Directory in 1795.
