Gaia (satellite)

Résumé

Gaia est une mission spatiale astrométrique consacrée à la mesure de la position, de la distance et du mouvement des étoiles, développée par l'Agence spatiale européenne (ESA). Le projet est retenu en 2000 comme pierre angulaire du programme scientifique Horizon 2000+. Le satellite Gaia est lancé avec succès le , pour une mission de cinq ans qui est prolongée en cours d'opération jusqu'à fin 2020. Il prend la suite du satellite Hipparcos, lancé en 1989, qui a brillamment démontré les capacités des engins spatiaux dans le domaine de l'astrométrie. Gaia a pour objectif de mesurer les caractéristiques de plus d'un milliard d'objets célestes, (étoiles, astéroïdes, galaxies) jusqu'à la . Les données collectées devraient améliorer nos connaissances concernant la structure, la formation et l'évolution de la Voie lactée, et apporter des contributions significatives dans les domaines scientifiques traitant des planètes extrasolaires, du Système solaire, des galaxies extérieures ainsi qu'en phy

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https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaia_(satellite)

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La Voie lactée, aussi nommée la Galaxie (avec une majuscule), est une galaxie spirale barrée qui comprend entre 200 et d'étoiles, et sans doute plus de de planètes. Elle abrite le Système solaire e

Hipparcos (HIgh Precision PARallax COllecting Satellite, satellite de mesure de parallaxe à haute précision) est une mission de l'Agence spatiale européenne destinée à la mesure de la position, de la

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This course teaches how to apply exploratory spatial data analysis to health data. Teaching focuses on the basics of spatial statistics and of epidemiology, and proposes a context to analyse geodatasets making it possible to study the relationship between health and the environment.

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The Pristine survey - XV. A CHIT ESPaDOnS view on the Milky Way halo and disc populations

Pascale Jablonka, Carmela Lardo, Romain Ely Roland Lucchesi, Willem Suter

We present a one-dimensional, local thermodynamic equilibrium homogeneous analysis of 132 stars observed at high resolution with ESPaDOnS. This represents the largest sample observed at high resolution (R similar to 40 000) from the Pristine survey. This sample is based on the first version of the Pristine catalogue and covers the full range of metallicities from [Fe/II] similar to-3 to similar to+0.25, with nearly half of our sample (58 stars) composed of very metal-poor (VMP) stars ([Fe/H]

OXFORD UNIV PRESS2022

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Context. At about 1000 days after the launch of Gaia we present the first Gaia data release, Gaia DR1, consisting of astrometry and photometry for over 1 billion sources brighter than magnitude 20.7. Aims. A summary of Gaia DR1 is presented along with illustrations of the scientific quality of the data, followed by a discussion of the limitations due to the preliminary nature of this release. Methods. The raw data collected by Gaia during the first 14 months of the mission have been processed by the Gaia Data Processing and Analysis Consortium (DPAC) and turned into an astrometric and photometric catalogue. Results. Gaia DR1 consists of three components: a primary astrometric data set which contains the positions, parallaxes, and mean proper motions for about 2 million of the brightest stars in common with the HIPPARCOS and Tycho-2 catalogues - a realisation of the Tycho-Gaia Astrometric Solution (TGAS) - and a secondary astrometric data set containing the positions for an additional 1.1 billion sources. The second component is the photometric data set, consisting of mean G-band magnitudes for all sources. The G-band light curves and the characteristics of similar to 3000 Cepheid and RR Lyrae stars, observed at high cadence around the south ecliptic pole, form the third component. For the primary astrometric data set the typical uncertainty is about 0.3 mas for the positions and parallaxes, and about 1 mas yr(-1) for the proper motions. A systematic component of similar to 0.3 mas should be added to the parallax uncertainties. For the subset of similar to 94 000 HIPPARCOS stars in the primary data set, the proper motions are much more precise at about 0.06 mas yr(-1). For the secondary astrometric data set, the typical uncertainty of the positions is similar to 10 mas. The median uncertainties on the mean G-band magnitudes range from the mmag level to similar to 0.03 mag over the magnitude range 5 to 20.7. Conclusions. Gaia DR1 is an important milestone ahead of the next Gaia data release, which will feature five-parameter astrometry for all sources. Extensive validation shows that Gaia DR1 represents a major advance in the mapping of the heavens and the availability of basic stellar data that underpin observational astrophysics. Nevertheless, the very preliminary nature of this first Gaia data release does lead to a number of important limitations to the data quality which should be carefully considered before drawing conclusions from the data.

EDP Sciences2016

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Gaia Data Release 1 Open cluster astrometry: performance, limitations, and future prospects

Shuangqing Liao, Mikaël Martino, Stephan Morgenthaler

Context. The first Gaia Data Release contains the Tycho-Gaia Astrometric Solution (TGAS). This is a subset of about 2 million stars for which, besides the position and photometry, the proper motion and parallax are calculated using Hipparcos and Tycho-2 positions in 1991.25 as prior information. Aims. We investigate the scientific potential and limitations of the TGAS component by means of the astrometric data for open clusters. Methods. Mean cluster parallax and proper motion values are derived taking into account the error correlations within the astrometric solutions for individual stars, an estimate of the internal velocity dispersion in the cluster, and, where relevant, the effects of the depth of the cluster along the line of sight. Internal consistency of the TGAS data is assessed. Results. Values given for standard uncertainties are still inaccurate and may lead to unrealistic unit-weight standard deviations of least squares solutions for cluster parameters. Reconstructed mean cluster parallax and proper motion values are generally in very good agreement with earlier Hipparcos-based determination, although the Gaia mean parallax for the Pleiades is a significant exception. We have no current explanation for that discrepancy. Most clusters are observed to extend to nearly 15 pc from the cluster centre, and it will be up to future Gaia releases to establish whether those potential cluster-member stars are still dynamically bound to the clusters. Conclusions. The Gaia DR1 provides the means to examine open clusters far beyond their more easily visible cores, and can provide membership assessments based on proper motions and parallaxes. A combined HR diagram shows the same features as observed before using the Hipparcos data, with clearly increased luminosities for older A and F dwarfs.

Edp Sciences S A2017

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EDP Sciences2016