Forest coverForest cover is the amount of forest that covers a particular area of land. It may be measured as relative (in percent) or absolute (in square kilometres/square miles). Nearly a third of the world's land surface is covered with forest, with closed-canopy forest accounting for 4 - 5 billion hectares of land. Forests provide many ecosystem services that humans and animals cannot survive without, but anthropogenic actions and climate change are threatening global forest cover in potentially irreversible ways.
Agricultural expansionAgricultural expansion describes the growth of agricultural land (arable land, pastures, etc.) especially in the 20th and 21st centuries. The agricultural expansion is often explained as a direct consequence of the global increase in food and energy requirements due to continuing population growth (both which in turn have been attributed to agricultural expansion itself), with an estimated expectation of 10 to 11 billion humans on Earth by end of this century.
REDD and REDD+REDD originally referred to "reducing emissions from deforestation in developing countries", which was the title of the original document on REDD. It was superseded by REDD+ in the Warsaw Framework on REDD-plus negotiations. REDD+ (or REDD-plus) refers to "reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation in developing countries, and the role of conservation, sustainable management of forests, and enhancement of forest carbon stocks in developing countries" (emphasis added).
Forêt secondairevignette|Carte mondiale du World Resources Institute représentant les forêts plantées (planted forest) et les cultures arbustives (tree crops). thumb|Redwood endommagé par le typhon Frieda et repousse, Parc Stanley, Vancouver (Canada) La forêt secondaire, par opposition à la forêt primaire, est une forêt (biomasse ligneuse) qui a repoussé, en une ou plusieurs phases après avoir été détruite (par exemple par l'agriculture sur brûlis) ou exploitée par l'homme par des coupes rases ou avec des impacts plus discrets mais significatifs pour les essences ou la structure forestières.
Espèce pionnièreEn écologie, une espèce pionnière est l'une des premières formes de vie qui colonisent ou recolonisent un espace écologique donné. Il peut s'agir d'un milieu nouveau (île volcanique, mur ou autre construction, friche industrielle, sol ou flanc de carrière...) ou récemment « perturbé » (destruction humaine, éboulis, érosion, glissement de terrain, incendie, chablis, coulée de lave...). Cette (re)colonisation est le premier stade d'une succession écologique.
Social and environmental impact of palm oilPalm oil, produced from the oil palm, is a basic source of income for many farmers in South East Asia, Central and West Africa, and Central America. It is locally used as cooking oil, exported for use in much commercial food and personal care products and is converted into biofuel. It produces up to 10 times more oil per unit area than soybeans, rapeseed or sunflowers. Oil palms produce 38% of the world's vegetable-oil output on 5% of the world's vegetable-oil farmland.
Rainforest AllianceRainforest Alliance est une ONG américaine qui a pour objectif de préserver la biodiversité et la durabilité. Cette organisation travaille avec des gens dont les moyens de subsistance dépendent de la terre, les aidant à transformer leur méthode de culture, de récolte du bois ou encore d'accueil des voyageurs. Cette association est en partenariat avec des entreprises et des consommateurs, venant du monde entier qui leur offrent des biens et services produits de manière responsable envers le marché global où la demande de durabilité est croissante.
MongabayMongabay (mongabay.com) is a conservation news web portal that reports on environmental science, energy, and green design, and features extensive information on tropical rainforests, including pictures and deforestation statistics for countries of the world. It was founded in 1999 by economist Rhett Ayers Butler in order to increase "interest in and appreciation of wildlands and wildlife, while examining the impact of emerging local and global trends in technology, economics, and finance on conservation and development".
ProforestationProforestation is the practice of protecting existing natural forests to foster continuous growth, carbon accumulation, and structural complexity. It is recognized as an important forest based strategy for addressing the global crises in climate and biodiversity. Forest restoration can be a strategy for climate change mitigation. Proforestation complements other forest-based solutions like afforestation, reforestation and improved forest management. Allowing proforestation in some secondary forests will increase their accumulated carbon and biodiversity over time.
Droit immobilierLe droit immobilier est le terme générique qui regroupe l'ensemble des textes juridiques du droit public comme du droit privé concernant les immeubles, par opposition aux meubles. Il s'agit d'une partie du droit des biens, et concerne aussi bien le droit des immeubles privés que le droit du patrimoine des personnes publiques. Son champ est donc très large puisqu'il concerne notamment : le droit de la construction, Le droit des baux (habitation, commerciaux, civils, etc...
