Anémie

Résumé

L'anémie, du grec (formé du privatif et du mot grec ancien , « sang »), est une anomalie de l'hémogramme caractérisée par une diminution du taux d'hémoglobine sous sa valeur normale. Ce manque entraîne un mauvais transport par le sang du dioxygène et cause notamment une pâleur de la peau et des muqueuses. Elle est diagnostiquée par la numération de la formule sanguine, examen effectué sur une prise de sang. Elle peut avoir pour cause une destruction des hématies (hémolyse) ou une perte de sang (hémorragie), on parle alors d'anémie périphérique ou régénérative. Mais elle peut aussi être due à une diminution de la production d'hémoglobine, on parle alors d'anémie centrale ou non régénérative. Toute baisse associée des thrombocytes ou des leucocytes, réalise alors un tableau de bicytopénie ou de pancytopénie. Signes et symptômes thumb|Pâleur des muqueuses chez un chat avec une anémie sévère due à une leucose féline. Les signes et symptômes communs à toutes les anémies s

Source officielle

https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/An%C3%A9mie

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The c-Myc protein has been implicated in playing a pivotal role in regulating the expression of a large number of genes involved in many aspects of cellular function. Consistent with this view, embryos lacking the c-myc gene exhibit severe developmental defects and die before midgestation. Here, we show that Sox2Cre-mediated deletion of the conditional c-myc(flox) allele specifically in the epiblast (hence trophoectoderm and primitive endoderm structures are wild type) rescues the majority of developmental abnormalities previously characterized in c-myc knockout embryos, indicating that they are secondary defects and arise as a result of placental insufficiency. Epiblast-restricted c-Myc-null embryos appear morphologically normal and do not exhibit any obvious proliferation defects. Nonetheless, these embryos are severely anemic and die before E12. c-Myc-deficient embryos exhibit fetal liver hypoplasia, apoptosis of erythrocyte precursors and functionally defective definitive hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells. Specific deletion of c-myc(flox) in hemogenic or hepatocytic lineages validate the hematopoietic-specific requirement of c-Myc in the embryo proper and provide in vivo evidence to support a synergism between hematopoietic and liver development. Our results reveal for the first time that physiological levels of c-Myc are essential for cell survival and demonstrate that, in contrast to most other embryonic lineages, erythroblasts and hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells are particularly dependent on c-Myc function.

2008

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Hookworm infections cause a neglected tropical disease (NTD) affecting ~740 million people worldwide, principally those living in disadvantaged communities. Infections can cause high morbidity due to their impact on nutrient uptake and their need to feed on host blood, resulting in a loss of iron and protein, which can lead to severe anaemia and impaired cognitive development in children. Currently, only one drug, albendazole is efficient to treat hookworm infection and the scientific community fears the rise of resistant strains. As part of on-going efforts to control hookworm infections and its associated morbidities, new drugs are urgently needed. We focused on targeting the blood-feeding pathway, which is essential to the parasite survival and reproduction, using the laboratory hookworm model Nippostrongylus brasiliensis (a nematode of rodents with a similar life cycle to hookworms). We established an in vitro-drug screening assay based on a fluorescent-based measurement of parasite viability during blood-feeding to identify novel therapeutic targets. A first screen of a library of 2654 natural compounds identified four that caused decreased worm viability in a blood-feeding-dependent manner. This new screening assay has significant potential to accelerate the discovery of new drugs against hookworms.

2022

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Inosine triphosphate protects against ribavirin-induced adenosine triphosphate loss by adenylosuccinate synthase function

Jacques Fellay

Genetic variation of inosine triphosphatase (ITPA) causing an accumulation of inosine triphosphate (ITP) has been shown to protect patients against ribavirin (RBV)-induced anemia during treatment for chronic hepatitis C infection by genome-wide association study (GWAS). However, the biologic mechanism by which this occurs is unknown.

2011

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