Résumé
The biliary tract (also biliary tree or biliary system) refers to the liver, gallbladder and bile ducts, and how they work together to make, store and secrete bile. Bile consists of water, electrolytes, bile acids, cholesterol, phospholipids and conjugated bilirubin. Some components are synthesized by hepatocytes (liver cells); the rest are extracted from the blood by the liver. Bile is secreted by the liver into small ducts that join to form the common hepatic duct. Between meals, secreted bile is stored in the gallbladder. During a meal, the bile is secreted into the duodenum (part of the small intestine) to rid the body of waste stored in the bile as well as aid in the absorption of dietary fats and oils. The biliary tract refers to the path by which bile is secreted by the liver then transported to the duodenum, the first part of the small intestine. A structure common to most members of the mammal family, the biliary tract is often referred to as a tree because it begins with many small branches that end in the common bile duct, sometimes referred to as the trunk of the biliary tree. The duct, the branches of the hepatic artery, and the portal vein form the central axis of the portal triad. Bile flows in the direction opposite to that of the blood present in the other two channels. The system is usually referred to as the biliary tract or system, and can include the use of the term "hepatobiliary" when used to refer just to the liver and bile ducts. The name biliary tract is used to refer to all of the ducts, structures and organs involved in the production, storage and secretion of bile. The tract is as follows: Bile canaliculi >> Canals of Hering >> intrahepatic bile ductule (in portal tracts / triads) >> interlobular bile ducts >> left and right hepatic ducts These merge to form the common hepatic duct The common hepatic duct exits the liver and joins with the cystic duct from gall bladder Together these form the common bile duct which joins the pancreatic duct These pass through the ampulla of Vater and enter the duodenum Bile is secreted by the liver into small ducts that join to form the common hepatic duct.
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Concepts associés (16)
Foie
vignette|Le foie est en rouge sur cette représentation du système digestif humain. Le foie est le plus gros organe abdominal et fait partie de l'appareil digestif sécrétant la bile et remplissant plus de vitales, notamment les trois suivantes : une fonction d'épuration, une fonction de synthèse et une fonction de stockage. Il s'agit d'une glande amphicrine permettant la synthèse de la bile (rôle exocrine) ainsi que celle de plusieurs glucides et lipides (rôle endocrine). Il joue aussi un rôle important dans l'hémostase.
Angiocholite
Langiocholite est une infection de la bile sur obstacle lithiasique obstruant la voie biliaire principale. Toute élévation de la pression au-delà de d'eau a pour conséquence une distension des voies biliaires qui se traduit sur le plan clinique par une douleur de type biliaire, la rétention de bile infectée des canalicules biliaires vers les sinusoïdes puis vers la circulation générale à travers le carrefour cavo-sus-hépatique : c'est le reflux cholangio-veineux, avec comme conséquence un ictère et une bactériémie (frissons).
Common bile duct stone
Common bile duct stone, also known as choledocholithiasis, is the presence of gallstones in the common bile duct (CBD) (thus choledocho- + lithiasis). This condition can cause jaundice and liver cell damage. Treatments include choledocholithotomy and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP). Murphy's sign is commonly negative on physical examination in choledocholithiasis, helping to distinguish it from cholecystitis. Jaundice of the skin or eyes is an important physical finding in biliary obstruction.
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