Variance (mathématiques)vignette|Exemple d'échantillons pour deux populations ayant la même moyenne mais des variances différentes. La population en rouge a une moyenne de 100 et une variance de 100 (écart-type = SD = standard deviation = 10). La population en bleu a une moyenne de 100 et une variance de (écart-type = SD = 50). En statistique et en théorie des probabilités, la variance est une mesure de la dispersion des valeurs d'un échantillon ou d'une variable aléatoire.
Pearson correlation coefficientIn statistics, the Pearson correlation coefficient (PCC) is a correlation coefficient that measures linear correlation between two sets of data. It is the ratio between the covariance of two variables and the product of their standard deviations; thus, it is essentially a normalized measurement of the covariance, such that the result always has a value between −1 and 1. As with covariance itself, the measure can only reflect a linear correlation of variables, and ignores many other types of relationships or correlations.
Intraclass correlationIn statistics, the intraclass correlation, or the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), is a descriptive statistic that can be used when quantitative measurements are made on units that are organized into groups. It describes how strongly units in the same group resemble each other. While it is viewed as a type of correlation, unlike most other correlation measures, it operates on data structured as groups rather than data structured as paired observations.
Correlation coefficientA correlation coefficient is a numerical measure of some type of correlation, meaning a statistical relationship between two variables. The variables may be two columns of a given data set of observations, often called a sample, or two components of a multivariate random variable with a known distribution. Several types of correlation coefficient exist, each with their own definition and own range of usability and characteristics. They all assume values in the range from −1 to +1, where ±1 indicates the strongest possible agreement and 0 the strongest possible disagreement.
Corrélation croiséeLa corrélation croisée est parfois utilisée en statistique pour désigner la covariance des vecteurs aléatoires X et Y, afin de distinguer ce concept de la « covariance » d'un vecteur aléatoire, laquelle est comprise comme étant la matrice de covariance des coordonnées du vecteur. En traitement du signal, la corrélation croisée (aussi appelée covariance croisée) est la mesure de la similitude entre deux signaux.
