Publication

Development of prototype UrbanSim models

Résumé

UrbanSim is an integrated transportation land-use model that has been under development since the late 1990s. It has received a significant amount of attention in the integrated modeling community. It is well known for its disaggregated approach. A number of papers describing the application of UrbanSim have appeared in the formal and gray literatures. Some of these papers report on successful applications of UrbanSim with little description of the amount of effort required to develop an operational model. Those that do report on the effort and challenges of using UrbanSim suggest that substantial data and human resources are required. One recent report quantifies the human resource requirements as an interdisciplinary team of four for three years. This reputation makes many potential users think twice before developing an UrbanSim model. We believe the best way to evaluate UrbanSim for a new region is by having a sense of how it can be used, and how much effort is required to do so. Understanding UrbanSim, however, does not require having a fully operational model. This paper is aimed at researchers and institutions that would like to evaluate UrbanSim, but are concerned about the effort required to do so. Based on two applications (Brussels in Belgium and Lausanne in Switzerland), it describes a procedure to develop a prototype UrbanSim model and how to use it to evaluate UrbanSim for application to a new region. Its objective is to motivate, describe, comment and illustrate a procedure for an efficient evaluation of the use of UrbanSim. Its main contributions are threefold. First, it develops a procedure by which a prototype UrbanSim model can be developed for evaluation purposes in a new region. Second, it provides an analysis of the effort required to do so. Finally, in so doing it advances knowledge in the field of transportation and land-use modeling by helping modelers to evaluate the use of UrbanSim for a particular study region, in a rigorous and systematic way.

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Dans la typologie la plus courante, les pays en développement ou pays du Sud sont des pays moins développés économiquement que les pays développés (parfois appelés pays du Nord). L'expression « pays en développement » remplace des dénominations antérieures, jugées inadéquates, obsolètes ou incorrectes : les pays du tiers monde, les pays sous-développés. Elle s'est substituée à « pays en voie de développement ».
Pays les moins avancés
vignette|400px| Les pays les moins avancés (PMA) sont une catégorie de pays créée en 1971 par l'Organisation des Nations unies (ONU), regroupant les pays socio-économiquement les moins développés de la planète. Au , 46 pays appartiennent à cette catégorie ; la plupart d'entre eux se situent en Afrique.
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Les petits États insulaires en développement (PEID, appelés aussi Small Island Developing States ou SIDS en anglais) sont des pays situés au niveau de la mer présentant des défis semblables au niveau du développement durable, dont notamment la gestion de la population, des ressources limitées, de l'isolement, de la sensibilité aux catastrophes naturelles, d'une grande dépendance au commerce international et d'un environnement précaire.
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