Designvignette|Chaise de Charles Rennie Mackintosh, 1897. Le design, le stylisme ou la stylique est une activité de création souvent à vocation industrielle ou commerciale, pouvant s’orienter vers les milieux sociaux, politiques, scientifiques et environnementaux. Le but premier du design est d’inventer, d’améliorer ou de faciliter l’usage ou le processus d’un élément ayant à interagir avec un produit ou un service matériel ou virtuel.
Théorie du contrôleEn mathématiques et en sciences de l'ingénieur, la théorie du contrôle a comme objet l'étude du comportement de systèmes dynamiques paramétrés en fonction des trajectoires de leurs paramètres. On se place dans un ensemble, l'espace d'état sur lequel on définit une dynamique, c'est-à-dire une loi mathématiques caractérisant l'évolution de variables (dites variables d'état) au sein de cet ensemble. Le déroulement du temps est modélisé par un entier .
Conception de logicielLa conception de logiciel met en œuvre un ensemble d'activités qui à partir d'une demande d'informatisation d'un processus (demande qui peut aller de la simple question orale jusqu'au cahier des charges complet) permettent la conception, l'écriture et la mise au point d'un logiciel (et donc de programmes informatiques) jusqu'à sa livraison au demandeur. En règle générale, la fabrication d'un logiciel va suivre trois grandes phases : Phase d'analyse (fonctionnelle) ou de conceptionDurant cette phase, on effectue simultanément l'étude des données et l'étude des traitements à effectuer.
Systems designSystems design interfaces, and data for an electronic control system to satisfy specified requirements. System design could be seen as the application of system theory to product development. There is some overlap with the disciplines of system analysis, system architecture and system engineering. If the broader topic of product development "blends the perspective of marketing, design, and manufacturing into a single approach to product development," then design is the act of taking the marketing information and creating the design of the product to be manufactured.
Stochastic controlStochastic control or stochastic optimal control is a sub field of control theory that deals with the existence of uncertainty either in observations or in the noise that drives the evolution of the system. The system designer assumes, in a Bayesian probability-driven fashion, that random noise with known probability distribution affects the evolution and observation of the state variables. Stochastic control aims to design the time path of the controlled variables that performs the desired control task with minimum cost, somehow defined, despite the presence of this noise.
User experience designUser experience design (UX design, UXD, UED, or XD) is the process of defining the experience a user would go through when interacting with a company, its services, and its products. Design decisions in UX design are often driven by research, data analysis, and test results rather than aesthetic preferences and opinions. Unlike user interface design, which focuses solely on the design of a computer interface, UX design encompasses all aspects of a user's perceived experience with a product or website, such as its usability, usefulness, desirability, brand perception, and overall performance.
Adaptive controlAdaptive control is the control method used by a controller which must adapt to a controlled system with parameters which vary, or are initially uncertain.cite journal|author=Chengyu Cao, Lili Ma, Yunjun Xu|title="Adaptive Control Theory and Applications", Journal of Control Science and Engineering'|volume=2012|issue=1|year=2012|doi=10.1155/2012/827353|pages=1,2|doi-access=free For example, as an aircraft flies, its mass will slowly decrease as a result of fuel consumption; a control law is needed that adapts itself to such changing conditions.
Commande optimaleLa théorie de la commande optimale permet de déterminer la commande d'un système qui minimise (ou maximise) un critère de performance, éventuellement sous des contraintes pouvant porter sur la commande ou sur l'état du système. Cette théorie est une généralisation du calcul des variations. Elle comporte deux volets : le principe du maximum (ou du minimum, suivant la manière dont on définit l'hamiltonien) dû à Lev Pontriaguine et à ses collaborateurs de l'institut de mathématiques Steklov , et l'équation de Hamilton-Jacobi-Bellman, généralisation de l'équation de Hamilton-Jacobi, et conséquence directe de la programmation dynamique initiée aux États-Unis par Richard Bellman.
Dependent and independent variablesDependent and independent variables are variables in mathematical modeling, statistical modeling and experimental sciences. Dependent variables are studied under the supposition or demand that they depend, by some law or rule (e.g., by a mathematical function), on the values of other variables. Independent variables, in turn, are not seen as depending on any other variable in the scope of the experiment in question. In this sense, some common independent variables are time, space, density, mass, fluid flow rate, and previous values of some observed value of interest (e.
Decision intelligenceDecision intelligence is an engineering discipline that augments data science with theory from social science, decision theory, and managerial science. Its application provides a framework for best practices in organizational decision-making and processes for applying machine learning at scale. The basic idea is that decisions are based on our understanding of how actions lead to outcomes. Decision intelligence is a discipline for analyzing this chain of cause and effect, and decision modeling is a visual language for representing these chains.
