Traumatisme contondantUn traumatisme contondant, également connu sous le nom de traumatisme par objet contondant ou traumatisme non pénétrant, est un traumatisme physique ou une force d'impact sur une partie du corps, se produisant souvent lors d'un accident de la route, un coup direct, une agression, une blessure lors d'une activité sportive, et en particulier chez les personnes âgées qui tombent. Cela s'oppose au traumatisme pénétrant qui se produit lorsqu'un objet perce la peau et pénètre dans un tissu du corps, créant une plaie ouverte et une ecchymose.
Traumatisme majeurUn traumatisme majeur est une blessure qui peut entraîner une invalidité permanente ou la mort. Il existe de nombreuses causes de traumatismes majeurs comme les chutes, les accidents de la route, les blessures par arme blanche et les blessures par balle. La prise en charge nécessite de la rapidité et le transport en urgence vers un établissement médical spécialisé (appelé trauma center).
Trauma centerA trauma center, or trauma centre, is a hospital equipped and staffed to provide care for patients suffering from major traumatic injuries such as falls, motor vehicle collisions, or gunshot wounds. A trauma center may also refer to an emergency department (also known as a "casualty department" or "accident and emergency") without the presence of specialized services to care for victims of major trauma.
AssayAn assay is an investigative (analytic) procedure in laboratory medicine, mining, pharmacology, environmental biology and molecular biology for qualitatively assessing or quantitatively measuring the presence, amount, or functional activity of a target entity. The measured entity is often called the analyte, the measurand, or the target of the assay. The analyte can be a drug, biochemical substance, chemical element or compound, or cell in an organism or organic sample.
Modified-release dosageModified-release dosage is a mechanism that (in contrast to immediate-release dosage) delivers a drug with a delay after its administration (delayed-release dosage) or for a prolonged period of time (extended-release [ER, XR, XL] dosage) or to a specific target in the body (targeted-release dosage). Sustained-release dosage forms are dosage forms designed to release (liberate) a drug at a predetermined rate in order to maintain a constant drug concentration for a specific period of time with minimum side effects.
DrogueUne est un composé chimique, biochimique ou naturel, capable d'altérer une ou plusieurs activités neuronales et/ou de perturber les communications neuronales. La consommation de drogues par l'Homme – afin de modifier ses fonctions physiologiques ou psychiques, ses réactions physiologiques et ses états de conscience – n'est pas récente. Certaines drogues peuvent engendrer une dépendance physique ou psychologique. L'usage de celles-ci peut avoir pour conséquences des perturbations physiques ou mentales.
Biological activityIn pharmacology, biological activity or pharmacological activity describes the beneficial or adverse effects of a drug on living matter. When a drug is a complex chemical mixture, this activity is exerted by the substance's active ingredient or pharmacophore but can be modified by the other constituents. Among the various properties of chemical compounds, pharmacological/biological activity plays a crucial role since it suggests uses of the compounds in the medical applications.
Trauma surgeryTrauma surgery is a surgical specialty that utilizes both operative and non-operative management to treat traumatic injuries, typically in an acute setting. Trauma surgeons generally complete residency training in general surgery and often fellowship training in trauma or surgical critical care. The trauma surgeon is responsible for initially resuscitating and stabilizing and later evaluating and managing the patient. The attending trauma surgeon also leads the trauma team, which typically includes nurses and support staff as well as resident physicians in teaching hospitals.
Penetrating traumaPenetrating trauma is an open wound injury that occurs when an object pierces the skin and enters a tissue of the body, creating a deep but relatively narrow entry wound. In contrast, a blunt or non-penetrating trauma may have some deep damage, but the overlying skin is not necessarily broken and the wound is still closed to the outside environment. The penetrating object may remain in the tissues, come back out the path it entered, or pass through the full thickness of the tissues and exit from another area.
Thermoset polymer matrixA thermoset polymer matrix is a synthetic polymer reinforcement where polymers act as binder or matrix to secure in place incorporated particulates, fibres or other reinforcements. They were first developed for structural applications, such as glass-reinforced plastic radar domes on aircraft and graphite-epoxy payload bay doors on the Space Shuttle. They were first used after World War II, and continuing research has led to an increased range of thermoset resins, polymers or plastics, as well as engineering grade thermoplastics.
