Transistorvignette|Quelques modèles de transistors. Le transistor est un composant électronique à semi-conducteur permettant de contrôler ou d'amplifier des tensions et des courants électriques. C'est le composant actif le plus important des circuits électroniques aussi bien en basse qu'en haute tension : circuits logiques (il permet, assemblé avec d'autres, d'effectuer des opérations logiques pour des programmes informatiques), amplificateur, stabilisateur de tension, modulation de signal Les transistors revêtent une importance particulière dans les circuits intégrés, ce qui rend possible la microélectronique.
Equivalent circuitIn electrical engineering, an equivalent circuit refers to a theoretical circuit that retains all of the electrical characteristics of a given circuit. Often, an equivalent circuit is sought that simplifies calculation, and more broadly, that is a simplest form of a more complex circuit in order to aid analysis. In its most common form, an equivalent circuit is made up of linear, passive elements. However, more complex equivalent circuits are used that approximate the nonlinear behavior of the original circuit as well.
Network analysis (electrical circuits)In electrical engineering and electronics, a network is a collection of interconnected components. Network analysis is the process of finding the voltages across, and the currents through, all network components. There are many techniques for calculating these values; however, for the most part, the techniques assume linear components. Except where stated, the methods described in this article are applicable only to linear network analysis.
Transistor à effet de champ à grille métal-oxydethumb|right|235px|Photographie représentant deux MOSFET et une allumette Un transistor à effet de champ à grille isolée plus couramment nommé MOSFET (acronyme anglais de metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor — qui se traduit par transistor à effet de champ à structure métal-oxyde-semiconducteur), est un type de transistor à effet de champ. Comme tous les transistors, le MOSFET module le courant qui le traverse à l'aide d'un signal appliqué sur son électrode nommée grille.
Circuit LCUn circuit LC est un circuit électrique contenant une bobine (L) et un condensateur (Capacité). C'est ainsi qu'on obtient le phénomène de résonance électrique. Ce type de circuit est utilisé dans les filtres, les tuners et les mélangeurs de fréquences. Par conséquent, son utilisation est répandue dans les transmissions sans fil en radiodiffusion, autant pour l'émission que la réception. thumb|200px|Circuit LC série et parallèle thumb|upright=1.
History of the transistorA transistor is a semiconductor device with at least three terminals for connection to an electric circuit. In the common case, the third terminal controls the flow of current between the other two terminals. This can be used for amplification, as in the case of a radio receiver, or for rapid switching, as in the case of digital circuits. The transistor replaced the vacuum-tube triode, also called a (thermionic) valve, which was much larger in size and used significantly more power to operate.
Circuit RLCEn électrocinétique, un circuit RLC est un circuit linéaire contenant une résistance électrique, une bobine (inductance) et un condensateur (capacité). Il existe deux types de circuits RLC, série ou parallèle selon l'interconnexion des trois types de composants. Le comportement d'un circuit RLC est généralement décrit par une équation différentielle du second ordre (là où des circuits RL ou circuits RC se comportent comme des circuits du premier ordre).
Linear circuitA linear circuit is an electronic circuit which obeys the superposition principle. This means that the output of the circuit F(x) when a linear combination of signals ax1(t) + bx2(t) is applied to it is equal to the linear combination of the outputs due to the signals x1(t) and x2(t) applied separately: It is called a linear circuit because the output voltage and current of such a circuit are linear functions of its input voltage and current. This kind of linearity is not the same as that of straight-line graphs.
Transistor countThe transistor count is the number of transistors in an electronic device (typically on a single substrate or "chip"). It is the most common measure of integrated circuit complexity (although the majority of transistors in modern microprocessors are contained in the cache memories, which consist mostly of the same memory cell circuits replicated many times). The rate at which MOS transistor counts have increased generally follows Moore's law, which observed that the transistor count doubles approximately every two years.
Small-signal modelSmall-signal modeling is a common analysis technique in electronics engineering used to approximate the behavior of electronic circuits containing nonlinear devices with linear equations. It is applicable to electronic circuits in which the AC signals (i.e., the time-varying currents and voltages in the circuit) are small relative to the DC bias currents and voltages. A small-signal model is an AC equivalent circuit in which the nonlinear circuit elements are replaced by linear elements whose values are given by the first-order (linear) approximation of their characteristic curve near the bias point.
