Intégration européennevignette|300px| (Kosovo, non reconnu par certains membres de l'UE) L'expression désigne le transfert volontaire par un État européen d'une partie de ses compétences juridiques et de sa souveraineté nationale aux institutions des Communautés européennes puis de l'Union européenne ou à d'autres grandes institutions supranationales européennes telles que le Conseil de l'Europe. Il est ainsi question d'intégration économique et politique. Alan Milward définit l'intégration européenne comme un .
Regional integrationRegional Integration is a process in which neighboring countries enter into an agreement in order to upgrade cooperation through common institutions and rules. The objectives of the agreement could range from economic to political to environmental, although it has typically taken the form of a political economy initiative where commercial interests are the focus for achieving broader socio-political and security objectives, as defined by national governments.
Back-illuminated sensorA back-illuminated sensor, also known as backside illumination (BI) sensor, is a type of digital that uses a novel arrangement of the imaging elements to increase the amount of light captured and thereby improve low-light performance. The technique was used for some time in specialized roles like low-light security cameras and astronomy sensors, but was complex to build and required further refinement to become widely used. Sony was the first to reduce these problems and their costs sufficiently to introduce a 5-megapixel 1.
Restauration rapidevignette|redresse=1|Serveuses d'un restaurant rapide à Jakarta. La restauration rapide (fast food, en anglais) est un mode de restauration dont le but est de faire gagner du temps au client en lui permettant de consommer rapidement les plats commandés ou de les emporter, et ce, pour un prix généralement moindre que dans la restauration traditionnelle. Cela a été initialement créé pour que les travailleurs puissent prendre de la nourriture plus rapidement et avoir le temps de manger pendant leur travail.
Ion sourceAn ion source is a device that creates atomic and molecular ions. Ion sources are used to form ions for mass spectrometers, optical emission spectrometers, particle accelerators, ion implanters and ion engines. Electron ionization Electron ionization is widely used in mass spectrometry, particularly for organic molecules. The gas phase reaction producing electron ionization is M{} + e^- -> M^{+\bullet}{} + 2e^- where M is the atom or molecule being ionized, e^- is the electron, and M^{+\bullet} is the resulting ion.
Fast-food restaurantA fast-food restaurant, also known as a quick-service restaurant (QSR) within the industry, is a specific type of restaurant that serves fast-food cuisine and has minimal table service. The food served in fast-food restaurants is typically part of a "meat-sweet diet", offered from a limited menu, cooked in bulk in advance and kept hot, finished and packaged to order, and usually available for take away, though seating may be provided.
Spectrométrie de masse des ions secondairesLa spectrométrie de masse des ions secondaires est un procédé d'analyse de surface connu sous le nom de SIMS, d'après l'acronyme anglais signifiant secondary ion mass spectrometry, qui consiste à bombarder la surface de l'échantillon à analyser avec un faisceau d'ions. L'échantillon est alors pulvérisé, et une partie de la matière pulvérisée est ionisée. Ces ions secondaires sont alors accélérés vers un spectromètre de masse qui permettra de mesurer la composition élémentaire, isotopique ou moléculaire de la surface de l'échantillon.
NOR gateThe NOR gate is a digital logic gate that implements logical NOR - it behaves according to the truth table to the right. A HIGH output (1) results if both the inputs to the gate are LOW (0); if one or both input is HIGH (1), a LOW output (0) results. NOR is the result of the negation of the OR operator. It can also in some senses be seen as the inverse of an AND gate. NOR is a functionally complete operation—NOR gates can be combined to generate any other logical function. It shares this property with the NAND gate.
Logic familyIn computer engineering, a logic family is one of two related concepts: A logic family of monolithic digital integrated circuit devices is a group of electronic logic gates constructed using one of several different designs, usually with compatible logic levels and power supply characteristics within a family. Many logic families were produced as individual components, each containing one or a few related basic logical functions, which could be used as "building-blocks" to create systems or as so-called "glue" to interconnect more complex integrated circuits.
Écran tactilethumb|L'écran tactile d'une borne d'accueil. Un écran tactile est un périphérique informatique qui combine les fonctionnalités d'affichage d'un écran (moniteur) et celles d'un dispositif de pointage comme la souris, le pavé tactile ou le stylet optique. Cela permet de réduire le nombre de périphériques sur certains systèmes et de réaliser des logiciels ergonomiques très bien adaptés à certaines fonctions.
