Torsion subgroupIn the theory of abelian groups, the torsion subgroup AT of an abelian group A is the subgroup of A consisting of all elements that have finite order (the torsion elements of A). An abelian group A is called a torsion group (or periodic group) if every element of A has finite order and is called torsion-free if every element of A except the identity is of infinite order. The proof that AT is closed under the group operation relies on the commutativity of the operation (see examples section).
Powerful p-groupIn mathematics, in the field of group theory, especially in the study of p-groups and pro-p-groups, the concept of powerful p-groups plays an important role. They were introduced in , where a number of applications are given, including results on Schur multipliers. Powerful p-groups are used in the study of automorphisms of p-groups , the solution of the restricted Burnside problem , the classification of finite p-groups via the coclass conjectures , and provided an excellent method of understanding analytic pro-p-groups .
G-moduleIn mathematics, given a group G, a G-module is an abelian group M on which G acts compatibly with the abelian group structure on M. This widely applicable notion generalizes that of a representation of G. Group (co)homology provides an important set of tools for studying general G-modules. The term G-module is also used for the more general notion of an R-module on which G acts linearly (i.e. as a group of R-module automorphisms). Let be a group.
Caractère d'une représentation d'un groupe finiEn mathématiques le caractère d'une représentation d'un groupe fini est un outil utilisé pour analyser les représentations d'un groupe fini. Le caractère d'une représentation (V, ρ) d'un groupe G correspond à l'application de G dans le corps de l'espace de la représentation qui à un élément s associe la trace de l'image de s par ρ. Cette définition n'est pas compatible avec celle des caractères d'un groupe en général qui ne prend ses valeurs que dans l'ensemble des complexes non nuls.
Non-associative algebraA non-associative algebra (or distributive algebra) is an algebra over a field where the binary multiplication operation is not assumed to be associative. That is, an algebraic structure A is a non-associative algebra over a field K if it is a vector space over K and is equipped with a K-bilinear binary multiplication operation A × A → A which may or may not be associative. Examples include Lie algebras, Jordan algebras, the octonions, and three-dimensional Euclidean space equipped with the cross product operation.
Serial moduleIn abstract algebra, a uniserial module M is a module over a ring R, whose submodules are totally ordered by inclusion. This means simply that for any two submodules N1 and N2 of M, either or . A module is called a serial module if it is a direct sum of uniserial modules. A ring R is called a right uniserial ring if it is uniserial as a right module over itself, and likewise called a right serial ring if it is a right serial module over itself.
Group isomorphism problemIn abstract algebra, the group isomorphism problem is the decision problem of determining whether two given finite group presentations refer to isomorphic groups. The isomorphism problem was formulated by Max Dehn, and together with the word problem and conjugacy problem, is one of three fundamental decision problems in group theory he identified in 1911. All three problems are undecidable: there does not exist a computer algorithm that correctly solves every instance of the isomorphism problem, or of the other two problems, regardless of how much time is allowed for the algorithm to run.
Module monogèneEn algèbre, un module monogène est un module qui peut être engendré par un seul élément. Par exemple, un Z-module monogène est un groupe (abélien) monogène. Le concept est analogue à celui de groupe monogène, c'est-à-dire un groupe qui est engendré par un élément. Un R-module gauche M est dit monogène si M peut être engendré par un seul élément, c'est-à-dire s'il existe x dans M tel que M = (x) = Rx = {rx | r ∈ R}. De même, un R-module à droite N est monogène s'il existe y ∈ N tel que N = yR.
Groupe des quaternionsEn mathématiques et plus précisément en théorie des groupes, le groupe des quaternions est l'un des deux groupes non abéliens d'ordre 8. Il admet une représentation réelle irréductible de degré 4, et la sous-algèbre des matrices 4×4 engendrée par son image est un corps gauche qui s'identifie au corps des quaternions de Hamilton. Le groupe des quaternions est souvent désigné par le symbole Q ou Q8 et est écrit sous forme multiplicative, avec les 8 éléments suivants : Ici, 1 est l'élément neutre, et pour tout a dans Q.
Central seriesIn mathematics, especially in the fields of group theory and Lie theory, a central series is a kind of normal series of subgroups or Lie subalgebras, expressing the idea that the commutator is nearly trivial. For groups, the existence of a central series means it is a nilpotent group; for matrix rings (considered as Lie algebras), it means that in some basis the ring consists entirely of upper triangular matrices with constant diagonal. This article uses the language of group theory; analogous terms are used for Lie algebras.
