Polarization modes in long-wavelength Vertical-Cavity Surface-Emitting Lasers (VCSELs) and VCSEL-arrays

Spatial transverse modes and polarization states are experimentally studied in single vertical cavity surface emitting lasers (VCSELs) and phased-locked VCSEL arrays emitting at 1.3 mu m wavelength. Analysis of the polarization-resolved near fields, far fields and emission spectra permit the observation of the competition between the different modes. Possible ways for increasing single mode power and spectral purity are discussed.