Child developmentChild development involves the biological, psychological and emotional changes that occur in human beings between birth and the conclusion of adolescence. Childhood is divided into three stages of life which include early childhood, middle childhood, and late childhood (preadolescence). Early childhood typically ranges from infancy to the age of 6 years old. During this period, development is significant, as many of life's milestones happen during this time period such as first words, learning to crawl, and learning to walk.
Coincidence detection in neurobiologyCoincidence detection is a neuronal process in which a neural circuit encodes information by detecting the occurrence of temporally close but spatially distributed input signals. Coincidence detectors influence neuronal information processing by reducing temporal jitter and spontaneous activity, allowing the creation of variable associations between separate neural events in memory. The study of coincidence detectors has been crucial in neuroscience with regards to understanding the formation of computational maps in the brain.
Critical period hypothesisThe critical period hypothesis or sensitive period hypothesis claims that there is an ideal time window of brain development to acquire language in a linguistically rich environment, after which further language acquisition becomes much more difficult and effortful. It is the subject of a long-standing debate in linguistics and language acquisition over the extent to which the ability to acquire language is biologically linked to age.
Grande DépressionLa Grande Dépression () ou « crise économique des années 1930 », dite encore « crise de 29 », est une longue phase de crise économique et de récession qui frappe l'économie mondiale à partir du krach boursier américain de 1929 jusqu'à la Seconde Guerre mondiale. Précédée par la puissante expansion des années 1920, c'est la plus importante dépression économique du . Elle a été accompagnée d'une forte déflation et d'une explosion du chômage et a poussé les autorités à une profonde réforme des marchés financiers.
Dépression (économie)vignette|Personnes mangeant dans une soupe populaire. Montréal, Canada. Une dépression est une forme particulièrement grave de crise économique. Si la crise est passagère, la dépression se prolonge, et affecte considérablement la production et l'investissement sur la durée. En cela, la dépression se distingue de la récession, que l'Institut national de la statistique et des études économiques définit comme une diminution du PIB de deux trimestres consécutifs.
Cable theoryClassical cable theory uses mathematical models to calculate the electric current (and accompanying voltage) along passive neurites, particularly the dendrites that receive synaptic inputs at different sites and times. Estimates are made by modeling dendrites and axons as cylinders composed of segments with capacitances and resistances combined in parallel (see Fig. 1). The capacitance of a neuronal fiber comes about because electrostatic forces are acting through the very thin lipid bilayer (see Figure 2).
Early childhood educationEarly childhood education (ECE), also known as nursery education, is a branch of education theory that relates to the teaching of children (formally and informally) from birth up to the age of eight. Traditionally, this is up to the equivalent of third grade. ECE is described as an important period in child development. ECE emerged as a field of study during the Enlightenment, particularly in European countries with high literacy rates. It continued to grow through the nineteenth century as universal primary education became a norm in the Western world.
Idiotievignette|upright=0.8|Photographie de propagande nazie datée de 1934, avec la légende « ce malade mental coûte annuellement à l'État ».|alt=photographie de propagande, en noir et blanc et de trois-quarts dos d'un handicapé mental Idiotie est un ancien terme médical, décrivant la condition de personnes dont le quotient intellectuel (QI) est évalué sous un certain seuil (20, 40 ou 70, selon les époques), en particulier des personnes non verbales.
