Bio-inspired roboticsBio-inspired robotic locomotion is a fairly new subcategory of bio-inspired design. It is about learning concepts from nature and applying them to the design of real-world engineered systems. More specifically, this field is about making robots that are inspired by biological systems, including Biomimicry. Biomimicry is copying from nature while bio-inspired design is learning from nature and making a mechanism that is simpler and more effective than the system observed in nature.
Legged robotLegged robots are a type of mobile robot which use articulated limbs, such as leg mechanisms, to provide locomotion. They are more versatile than wheeled robots and can traverse many different terrains, though these advantages require increased complexity and power consumption. Legged robots often imitate legged animals, such as humans or insects, in an example of biomimicry. Legged robots, or walking machines, are designed for locomotion on rough terrain and require control of leg actuators to maintain balance, sensors to determine foot placement and planning algorithms to determine the direction and speed of movement.
Human legThe human leg is the entire lower limb of the human body, including the foot, thigh or sometimes even the hip or buttock region. The major bones of the leg are the femur (thigh bone), tibia (shin bone), and adjacent fibula. The thigh is between the hip and knee, while the calf (rear) and shin (front) are between the knee and foot. Legs are used for standing, many forms of human movement, recreation such as dancing, and constitute a significant portion of a person's mass.
Mobile robotA mobile robot is an automatic machine that is capable of locomotion. Mobile robotics is usually considered to be a subfield of robotics and information engineering. Mobile robots have the capability to move around in their environment and are not fixed to one physical location. Mobile robots can be "autonomous" (AMR - autonomous mobile robot) which means they are capable of navigating an uncontrolled environment without the need for physical or electro-mechanical guidance devices.
Robot hexapodeUn robot hexapode est un robot marcheur dont la locomotion est fondée sur trois paires de pattes. L'étude de la marche des insectes est d'un intérêt particulier pour présenter une alternative à l'usage de roues. Le terme se réfère donc aux robots d'inspiration biologique imitant dans le cas présent les animaux hexapodes tels les insectes. Les robots hexapodes sont considérés plus stables que les robots bipèdes du fait que dans la plupart des cas, les hexapodes sont statiquement stables.
Course à piedvignette|Course à Leer en Allemagne La course à pied est, avec la marche, l'un des deux modes de locomotion bipèdes de l'être humain. Caractérisée par une phase de suspension durant laquelle aucun des deux pieds ne touche le sol, elle permet un déplacement plus économe en énergie que la marche pour des vitesses allant d'environ (ultrafond) à plus de (sprint). Outre sa fonction locomotrice, elle est principalement pratiquée comme sport dans le cadre de l'athlétisme et en tant qu'exercice physique.
Robotiquethumb|upright=1.5|Nao, un robot humanoïde. thumb|upright=1.5|Des robots industriels au travail dans une usine. La robotique est l'ensemble des techniques permettant la conception et la réalisation de machines automatiques ou de robots. L'ATILF donne la définition suivante du robot : « il effectue, grâce à un système de commande automatique à base de microprocesseur, une tâche précise pour laquelle il a été conçu dans le domaine industriel, scientifique, militaire ou domestique ».
Behavior-based roboticsBehavior-based robotics (BBR) or behavioral robotics is an approach in robotics that focuses on robots that are able to exhibit complex-appearing behaviors despite little internal variable state to model its immediate environment, mostly gradually correcting its actions via sensory-motor links. Behavior-based robotics sets itself apart from traditional artificial intelligence by using biological systems as a model. Classic artificial intelligence typically uses a set of steps to solve problems, it follows a path based on internal representations of events compared to the behavior-based approach.
Locomotion robotiqueLa locomotion robotique est le nom collectif des différentes méthodes que les robots utilisent pour se déplacer d'un endroit à l'autre. Les robots à roues sont généralement assez efficaces sur le plan énergétique et simples à contrôler. Toutefois, d'autres formes de locomotion peuvent être plus appropriées pour un certain nombre de raisons, par exemple pour traverser un terrain accidenté, ainsi que pour se déplacer et interagir dans des environnements humains.
Coupe sagittaleThe sagittal plane (ˈsædʒɪtəl; also known as the longitudinal plane) is an anatomical plane that divides the body into right and left sections. It is perpendicular to the transverse and coronal planes. The plane may be in the center of the body and divide it into two equal parts (mid-sagittal), or away from the midline and divide it into unequal parts (para-sagittal). The term sagittal was coined by Gerard of Cremona. Examples of sagittal planes include: The terms median plane or mid-sagittal plane are sometimes used to describe the sagittal plane running through the midline.
