Quantum dot solar cellA quantum dot solar cell (QDSC) is a solar cell design that uses quantum dots as the captivating photovoltaic material. It attempts to replace bulk materials such as silicon, copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) or cadmium telluride (CdTe). Quantum dots have bandgaps that are adjustable across a wide range of energy levels by changing their size. In bulk materials, the bandgap is fixed by the choice of material(s).
Carbonyl groupIn organic chemistry, a carbonyl group is a functional group with the formula , composed of a carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom, and it is divalent at the C atom. It is common to several classes of organic compounds (such as aldehydes, ketones and carboxylic acids), as part of many larger functional groups. A compound containing a carbonyl group is often referred to as a carbonyl compound. The term carbonyl can also refer to carbon monoxide as a ligand in an inorganic or organometallic complex (a metal carbonyl, e.
Teinture par nouageLa teinture par nouage ou en anglais tie and dye est un type de teinture et de décoloration sur textiles que l'on retrouve sous différentes variantes dans de nombreuses cultures ancestrales. Elle a été réinventée dans les aux États-Unis et est devenue emblématique des hippies et du mouvement psychédélique. Les premiers exemples de tie-dye en Extrême-Orient proviennent de la dynastie Sui (Ve siècle apr. J.-C.) en Chine. Les premiers exemples survivants de tie-dye précolombien au Pérou datent de 500 à 810 apr.
Teinture naturellevignette|Écheveaux teints naturellement à la racine de garance, quartier colonial de Williamsburg, en Virginie. Une teinture naturelle est une matière colorante dérivée de plantes ou d'invertébrés. On parle de teinture quand il s'agit de colorer des textiles au moyen de produits solubles dans l'eau ; les minéraux donnent des colorants insolubles appelés pigments qui s'appliquent mal à cet usage. La plupart des teintures naturelles proviennent de racines, de baies, d'écorce, de feuilles ou de bois de plantes tinctoriales ou bien de champignons ou de lichens.
Esterthumb|200px|Séquence de la fonction ester carboxylique. En chimie, la fonction ester désigne un groupement caractéristique formé d'un atome lié simultanément à un atome d'oxygène par une double liaison et à un groupement alkoxy. Lorsque l'atome lié est un atome de carbone, on parle d'ester carboxylique, dont la forme générale est R-COO-R'. Cependant, ce peut être aussi un atome de soufre (par exemple dans les esters sulfuriques, sulféniques, etc.), d'azote (esters nitriques, etc.
Carbonyl reductionIn organic chemistry, carbonyl reduction is the organic reduction of any carbonyl group by a reducing agent. Typical carbonyl compounds are ketones, aldehydes, carboxylic acids, esters, and acid halides. Carboxylic acids, esters, and acid halides can be reduced to either aldehydes or a step further to primary alcohols, depending on the strength of the reducing agent; aldehydes and ketones can be reduced respectively to primary and secondary alcohols. In deoxygenation, the alcohol can be further reduced and removed altogether.
Luminescent solar concentratorA luminescent solar concentrator (LSC) is a device for concentrating radiation, solar radiation in particular, to produce electricity. Luminescent solar concentrators operate on the principle of collecting radiation over a large area, converting it by luminescence (specifically by fluorescence) and directing the generated radiation into a relatively small output target. Initial designs typically comprised parallel thin, flat layers of alternating luminescent and transparent materials, placed to gather incoming radiation on their (broader) faces and emit concentrated radiation around their (narrower) edges.
Neurosciences computationnellesLes neurosciences computationnelles (NSC) sont un champ de recherche des neurosciences qui s'applique à découvrir les principes computationnels des fonctions cérébrales et de l'activité neuronale, c'est-à-dire des algorithmes génériques qui permettent de comprendre l'implémentation dans notre système nerveux central du traitement de l'information associé à nos fonctions cognitives. Ce but a été défini en premier lieu par David Marr dans une série d'articles fondateurs.
Power optimizerA power optimizer is a DC to DC converter technology developed to maximize the energy harvest from solar photovoltaic or wind turbine systems. They do this by individually tuning the performance of the panel or wind turbine through maximum power point tracking, and optionally tuning the output to match the performance of the string inverter (DC to AC inverter). Power optimizers are especially useful when the performance of the power generating components in a distributed system will vary widely, such as due to differences in equipment, shading of light or wind, or being installed facing different directions or widely separated locations.
Computational anatomyComputational anatomy is an interdisciplinary field of biology focused on quantitative investigation and modelling of anatomical shapes variability. It involves the development and application of mathematical, statistical and data-analytical methods for modelling and simulation of biological structures. The field is broadly defined and includes foundations in anatomy, applied mathematics and pure mathematics, machine learning, computational mechanics, computational science, biological imaging, neuroscience, physics, probability, and statistics; it also has strong connections with fluid mechanics and geometric mechanics.
