Carbonyl group

In organic chemistry, a carbonyl group is a functional group with the formula , composed of a carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom, and it is divalent at the C atom. It is common to several classes of organic compounds (such as aldehydes, ketones and carboxylic acids), as part of many larger functional groups. A compound containing a carbonyl group is often referred to as a carbonyl compound. The term carbonyl can also refer to carbon monoxide as a ligand in an inorganic or organometallic complex (a metal carbonyl, e.g. nickel carbonyl). The remainder of this article concerns itself with the organic chemistry definition of carbonyl, where carbon and oxygen share a double bond. Carbonyl compounds α,β-Unsaturated carbonyl compound In organic chemistry, a carbonyl group characterizes the following types of compounds: Other organic carbonyls are urea and the carbamates, the derivatives of acyl chlorides chloroformates and phosgene, carbonate esters, thioesters, la

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CH-112: Organic chemistry

L'objectif de ce cours est de fournir les connaissances et le moyen de comprendre, au niveau moléculaire, le fonctionnement des réactions chimiques organiques. Pendant le cours, l'étudiant réfléchira et résoudra de nouveaux problèmes.

CH-233: Organic functions and reactions I

Le cours se focalisera sur les composés carbonyles: leur structures, réactivités, et leurs transformations; la réactivité des énols/énolates et leurs réactions fondamentales. L'importance de la compréhension des mécanismes réactionnels, de la chimio-, regio- and stéréo-sélectivité sera soulignée.

CH-223: Organometallic chemistry

Basic organometallic chemistry will be covered in this course.

Structure and bonding in organometallic compounds.
reactivity of organometallic compounds, stoichiometric reactions, catalyzed reactions and reaction mechanisms.

Intramolecular palladium-catalyzed alkene carboalkynylation

Stefano Nicolai, Peter Swallow, Jérôme Waser

Carbocycles are essential building blocks for the synthesis of natural and synthetic bioactive compounds. Herein, we report the first example of palladium-catalyzed intramolecular carboalkynylation of non-activated olefins. Using activated carbonyl compounds as nucleophiles and an alkynyl bromide as an electrophile, the reaction gives access to cyclopentanes in 44-93% yield and one example of cyclohexane in 31% yield with simultaneous formation of a SP3-SP C-C bond. The reaction therefore combines ring formation with the introduction of a versatile triple bond for further functionalization. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Elsevier2015

Chargement

Quantum calculations on the acid catalyzed rearrangements of norborn-5-en-2-one, 7-oxanorborn-5-en-2-one and 7-azanorborn-5-en-2-one - The electron-releasing effect of homoconjugated carbonyl group

Samuele Giani, Pierre Vogel

Protonation of norbom-5-en-2-one gives 6-oxo-2-norbomyl cation (2) as most stable C7H9O+ cation. Quantum calculations at B3LYP/6-31G(d) level (gas phase, 1 atm, 25 degrees C) predict a C-s-structure for 2 that can be represented as an intramolecular pi-complex (Dewar pi-complex model) of an acetylium ion with an alkene (cyclopent-3-enyl moiety). Isomeric 5-oxo-2-norbornyl (1) cation is calculated to be 16.7 kcal/mol less stable than 2. Part of the relatively high stability of 2 arises from the electron-releasing carbonyl group through n(C=O) sigma 2p(C+) hyperconjugation. This effect is also present in more stable 6-oxo-3-oxa (14) and 6-oxo-3-aza-2-norbornyl cation (19) as these ions are calculated to be 7.4 and 3.3 kcal/ mol, respectively, more stable than their 5-oxo isomers. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

2008

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Cyclic Hypervalent Iodine Reagents and Pd-Catalysis

Maria Victoria Vita

Developing new strategies and methods to explore new dimensions of the chemical space represents an important goal for organic chemists. One particular synthetic approach that emerged in the last decades is Umpolung: the normal polarity of chemical functional groups is reversed in order to access new disconnections. The combination of non-classical ways to disconnect bonds and asymmetric methods is especially highly desirable when considering that chirality is essential to the function of many small molecules in biological systems. Among all functional groups present in organic molecules, carbonyl compounds occupy a central position due to their versatile reactivity and constitute therefore a prime target for the development of new asymmetric methods based on the Umpolung of the reactivity. In this thesis, I present my contribution to the development of novel ï¡-functionalizations of carbonyl compounds based on the Umpolung of alkynes and azides. The products obtained, namely Î±-alkynyl and Î±-azido carbonyl compounds, represent important structural motifs of bioactive molecules and materials. They are also versatile building blocks that undergo a plethora of transformations based on the exceptional reactivity of azides and alkynes. Nevertheless, there are only few methods in literature to prepare them in a selective and efficient way.

EPFL2015

Chargement

Ester

thumb|200px|Séquence de la fonction ester carboxylique. En chimie, la fonction ester désigne un groupement caractéristique formé d'un atome lié simultanément à un atome d'oxygène par une double liaiso

Chimie organique

La chimie organique est le domaine de la chimie qui étudie les composés organiques, c'est-à-dire les composés du carbone (à l'exception de quelques composés simples qui par tradition relèvent de la

Groupe fonctionnel

En chimie, les composés organiques peuvent être considérés comme constitués d'un squelette relativement non réactif appelé lalcane parent en nomenclature substitutive, et d’un ou plusieurs groupes f