Publication

Modeling enzymatic hydrolysis of lignocellulosic substrates using confocal fluorescence microscopy I: Filter paper cellulose

Jeremy Luterbacher
2015
Article
Résumé

Enzymatic hydrolysis is one of the critical steps in depolymerizing lignocellulosic biomass into fermentable sugars for further upgrading into fuels and/or chemicals. However, many studies still rely on empirical trends to optimize enzymatic reactions. An improved understanding of enzymatic hydrolysis could allow research efforts to follow a rational design guided by an appropriate theoretical framework. In this study, we present a method to image cellulosic substrates with complex three-dimensional structure, such as filter paper, undergoing hydrolysis under conditions relevant to industrial saccharification processes (i.e., temperature of 50°C, using commercial cellulolytic cocktails). Fluorescence intensities resulting from confocal images were used to estimate parameters for a diffusion and reaction model. Furthermore, the observation of a relatively constant bound enzyme fluorescence signal throughout hydrolysis supported our modeling assumption regarding the structure of biomass during hydrolysis. The observed behavior suggests that pore evolution can be modeled as widening of infinitely long slits. The resulting model accurately predicts the concentrations of soluble carbohydrates obtained from independent saccharification experiments conducted in bulk, demonstrating its relevance to biomass conversion work. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

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Concepts associés (38)
Hydrolyse
Une hydrolyse (du grec hydro : eau et lysis : briser) est une réaction chimique et enzymatique dans laquelle une liaison covalente est rompue par action d'une molécule d'eau. Exemple : hydrolyse du saccharose : saccharose + eau → glucose + fructose : ce mélange porte le nom de sucre inverti ; hydrolyse d'un ester : ester + eau → alcool + acide carboxylique : en utilisant les formules semi-développées cette réaction peut s'écrire R1-COO-R2 + H2O → R2-OH + R1-COOH. La réaction inverse est l'estérification.
Microscope confocal
vignette|upright=2|Schéma de principe du microscope confocal par Marvin Minsky en 1957. vignette|upright=1.5|Principe de fonctionnement du microscope à fluorescence puis du microscope confocal. Un microscope confocal, appelé plus rarement microscope monofocal, est un microscope optique qui a la propriété de réaliser des images de très faible profondeur de champ (environ ) appelées « sections optiques ».
Catalyse enzymatique
La catalyse enzymatique est le processus par lequel des réactions chimiques sont catalysées dans les systèmes vivants par des protéines spécialisées ou des ARN appelés enzymes. La catalyse enzymatique est indispensable aux organismes vivants pour l'accélération spécifique des réactions nécessaires à leur métabolisme et à la biosynthèse de l'ensemble des biomolécules qui les composent. Les principes de la catalyse enzymatique sont analogues à ceux de la catalyse chimique (voir théorie de l'état de transition).
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