Algorithme de Primthumb|right|Arbre couvrant de poids minimum L'algorithme de Prim est un algorithme glouton qui calcule un arbre couvrant minimal dans un graphe connexe pondéré et non orienté. En d'autres termes, cet algorithme trouve un sous-ensemble d'arêtes formant un arbre sur l'ensemble des sommets du graphe initial et tel que la somme des poids de ces arêtes soit minimale. Si le graphe n'est pas connexe, alors l'algorithme détermine un arbre couvrant minimal d'une composante connexe du graphe.
Network medicineNetwork medicine is the application of network science towards identifying, preventing, and treating diseases. This field focuses on using network topology and network dynamics towards identifying diseases and developing medical drugs. Biological networks, such as protein-protein interactions and metabolic pathways, are utilized by network medicine. Disease networks, which map relationships between diseases and biological factors, also play an important role in the field.
Structure et agentivitéDans les sciences sociales existe un débat permanent sur la primauté de la structure ou de l’agentivité (en anglais agency, terme qui est parfois utilisé en français) dans le façonnement des comportements humains. Les structures sont des ensembles de dispositifs qui influencent ou limitent les choix et les opportunités disponibles. L’agentivité est la capacité des individus d’agir indépendamment des structures sociales et de faire librement leur propre choix.
Mononucléose infectieuseLa mononucléose infectieuse (MNi) correspond à la primo-infection symptomatique, provoquée par le virus d'Epstein-Barr (couramment abrégé en EBV d'après la terminologie anglophone), qui appartient à la même famille que les virus de l’herpès et de la varicelle. Transmise préférentiellement par la salive, on l'appelle , mais il s agit le plus souvent de gouttelettes, comme la plupart des virus et bactéries.
Sense of communitySense of community (or psychological sense of community) is a concept in community psychology, social psychology, and community social work, as well as in several other research disciplines, such as urban sociology. It focuses on the experience of community rather than its structure, formation, setting, or other features. The latter is the province of public administration or community services administration which needs to understand how structures influence this feeling and psychological sense of community.
Community of placeA community of place or place-based community is a community of people who are bound together because of where they reside, work, visit or otherwise spend a continuous portion of their time. Such a community can be a neighborhood, town, coffeehouse, workplace, gathering place, public space or any other geographically specific place that a number of people share, have in common or visit frequently. A community offers many appealing features of a broader social relationship: Safety, familiarity, support and loyalties as well as appreciation.
Isolement socialvignette|Image représentant un enfant seul dans un centre d'hébergement pour demandeurs d'asile L'isolement social désigne un manque d'interactions sociales en raison de divers facteurs sociaux, psychologiques et physiques. Il s'agit d'une cause importante de mortalité et d'une source de souffrances analogues aux souffrances physiques . Aussi, l’isolement social n’est pas un événement prévisible, il peut survenir à n’importe quel moment dans notre vie. L'isolement social crée un fort sentiment de solitude chez la personne atteinte.
Social determinants of health in povertyThe social determinants of health in poverty describe the factors that affect impoverished populations' health and health inequality. Inequalities in health stem from the conditions of people's lives, including living conditions, work environment, age, and other social factors, and how these affect people's ability to respond to illness. These conditions are also shaped by political, social, and economic structures. The majority of people around the globe do not meet their potential best health because of a "toxic combination of bad policies, economics, and politics".
Knowledge modelingKnowledge modeling is a process of creating a computer interpretable model of knowledge or standard specifications about a kind of process and/or about a kind of facility or product. The resulting knowledge model can only be computer interpretable when it is expressed in some knowledge representation language or data structure that enables the knowledge to be interpreted by software and to be stored in a database or data exchange file.
