Conceptual schemaA conceptual schema or conceptual data model is a high-level description of informational needs underlying the design of a database. It typically includes only the main concepts and the main relationships among them. Typically this is a first-cut model, with insufficient detail to build an actual database. This level describes the structure of the whole database for a group of users. The conceptual model is also known as the data model that can be used to describe the conceptual schema when a database system is implemented.
Modélisation des donnéesDans la conception d'un système d'information, la modélisation des données est l'analyse et la conception de l'information contenue dans le système afin de représenter la structure de ces informations et de structurer le stockage et les traitements informatiques. Il s'agit essentiellement d'identifier les entités logiques et les dépendances logiques entre ces entités.
Nijssen information analysis methodNIAM ou Nijssen information analysis method (appelé aussi modèle relationnel binaire) est une méthode d'analyse et de conception pour les systèmes d'information. Ultérieurement l'acronyme NIAM a eu d'autres interprétations: aN Information Analysis Méthod ou Natural language Information Method L'auteur de la méthode, Nijssen, fut ingénieur chez Control Data Europe. NIAM utilise une représentation graphique pour spécifier en partie un « schéma conceptuel de données » (invariant) complétée par un langage linéaire pour représenter des contraintes non prises en compte par la notation graphique.
Administration publiqueL’administration publique est l'activité d'administration qui matérialise l'exercice des pouvoirs publics. Par métonymie, une administration publique est une organisation qui incarne une collectivité publique, soit un État, une collectivité territoriale, ou une organisation ou institution internationale. Une administration publique peut prendre la forme juridique d'un , mais elle peut également en désigner un simple service (au sens d'un composant organisationnel).
Conceptual modelA conceptual model is a representation of a system. It consists of concepts used to help people know, understand, or simulate a subject the model represents. In contrast, a physical model focuses on a physical object such as a toy model that may be assembled and made to work like the object it represents. The term may refer to models that are formed after a conceptualization or generalization process. Conceptual models are often abstractions of things in the real world, whether physical or social.
Database schemaThe database schema is the structure of a database described in a formal language supported typically by a relational database management system (RDBMS). The term "schema" refers to the organization of data as a blueprint of how the database is constructed (divided into database tables in the case of relational databases). The formal definition of a database schema is a set of formulas (sentences) called integrity constraints imposed on a database. These integrity constraints ensure compatibility between parts of the schema.
Physical schemaA physical data model (or database design) is a representation of a data design as implemented, or intended to be implemented, in a database management system. In the lifecycle of a project it typically derives from a logical data model, though it may be reverse-engineered from a given database implementation. A complete physical data model will include all the database artifacts required to create relationships between tables or to achieve performance goals, such as indexes, constraint definitions, linking tables, partitioned tables or clusters.
Politique publiqueUne politique publique est une intervention de l'État ou d'une autre autorité publique (banque centrale, collectivité territoriale, ...) afin d'avoir un effet sur la société ou un territoire. Les politiques publiques sont la modalité d'action de la puissance publique. Jean-Claude Thoenig définit les politiques publiques comme les . Le terme prend un sens différent selon la discipline qui l'utilise.
Three-schema approachThe three-schema approach, or three-schema concept, in software engineering is an approach to building information systems and systems information management that originated in the 1970s. It proposes three different views in systems development, with conceptual modelling being considered the key to achieving data integration.
Information assuranceInformation assurance (IA) is the practice of assuring information and managing risks related to the use, processing, storage, and transmission of information. Information assurance includes protection of the integrity, availability, authenticity, non-repudiation and confidentiality of user data. IA encompasses both digital protections and physical techniques. These methods apply to data in transit, both physical and electronic forms, as well as data at rest. IA is best thought of as a superset of information security (i.
