Économie écologiquethumb|400px|Les ressources naturelles traversent l'économie et finissent comme des déchets et de la pollution L’économie écologique est une branche de l'économie en interface avec l'écologie, étudiant l'interdépendance et la coévolution entre les sociétés humaines et les écosystèmes dans le temps et l'espace. L'intérêt de ces recherches est de pouvoir guider l'action des acteurs économiques (publics et privés) afin d'assurer un développement durable, c'est-à-dire conciliant progrès économique, justice sociale, et préservation de l'environnement, tout en mettant la priorité sur ce dernier point.
Marine coastal ecosystemA marine coastal ecosystem is a marine ecosystem which occurs where the land meets the ocean. Marine coastal ecosystems include many very different types of marine habitats, each with their own characteristics and species composition. They are characterized by high levels of biodiversity and productivity. For example, estuaries are areas where freshwater rivers meet the saltwater of the ocean, creating an environment that is home to a wide variety of species, including fish, shellfish, and birds.
MicrogenerationMicrogeneration is the small-scale production of heat or electric power from a "low carbon source," as an alternative or supplement to traditional centralized grid-connected power. Microgeneration technologies include small-scale wind turbines, micro hydro, solar PV systems, microbial fuel cells, ground source heat pumps, and micro combined heat and power installations. These technologies are often combined to form a hybrid power solution that can offer superior performance and lower cost than a system based on one generator.
Freshwater ecosystemFreshwater ecosystems are a subset of Earth's aquatic ecosystems. They include lakes, ponds, rivers, streams, springs, bogs, and wetlands. They can be contrasted with marine ecosystems, which have a larger salt content. Freshwater habitats can be classified by different factors, including temperature, light penetration, nutrients, and vegetation. There are three basic types of freshwater ecosystems: Lentic (slow moving water, including pools, ponds, and lakes), lotic (faster moving water, for example streams and rivers) and wetlands (areas where the soil is saturated or inundated for at least part of the time).
Scientific literatureScientific literature comprises academic papers that report original empirical and theoretical work in the natural and social sciences. Within a field of research, relevant papers are often referred to as "the literature". Academic publishing is the process of contributing the results of one's research into the literature, which often requires a peer-review process. Original scientific research published for the first time in scientific journals is called the primary literature.
Gas-fired power plantA gas-fired power plant (sometimes referred to as "gas-fired power station" or "natural gas power plant") is a thermal power station that burns natural gas to generate electricity. Gas-fired power plants generate almost a quarter of world electricity and are significant sources of greenhouse gas emissions. However, they can provide seasonal, dispatchable energy generation to compensate for variable renewable energy deficits, where hydropower or interconnectors are not available.
Écosystème lentiqueUn écosystème lentique (ou écosystème lénitique) est constitué d'un biotope et des êtres vivants propres aux eaux calmes à renouvellement lent (lacs, marécages, étangs, mares). Au contraire, les milieux d'eaux courantes abritent des écosystèmes lotiques. Les systèmes lentiques prennent des formes très diverses, allant d'une petite flaque temporaire de quelques centimètres de profondeur jusqu'au lac Baïkal dont la profondeur maximale atteint .
Marine ecosystemMarine ecosystems are the largest of Earth's aquatic ecosystems and exist in waters that have a high salt content. These systems contrast with freshwater ecosystems, which have a lower salt content. Marine waters cover more than 70% of the surface of the Earth and account for more than 97% of Earth's water supply and 90% of habitable space on Earth. Seawater has an average salinity of 35 parts per thousand of water. Actual salinity varies among different marine ecosystems.
Photovoltaic systemA photovoltaic system, also PV system or solar power system, is an electric power system designed to supply usable solar power by means of photovoltaics. It consists of an arrangement of several components, including solar panels to absorb and convert sunlight into electricity, a solar inverter to convert the output from direct to alternating current, as well as mounting, cabling, and other electrical accessories to set up a working system. It may also use a solar tracking system to improve the system's overall performance and include an integrated battery.
Prédiction de gènesEn bio-informatique, la prédiction de gènes consiste à identifier les zones de l'ADN qui correspondent à des gènes (le reste étant non codant). Les méthodes par similitudes, aussi appelées méthodes par homologie ou méthodes extrinsèques, consistent à utiliser des informations extérieures au génome pour trouver les gènes. Plus précisément, ces méthodes consistent à comparer la séquence étudiée avec des séquences connues, rassemblées dans les bases de données.
