Chronic painChronic pain is classified as pain that lasts longer than three months. In medicine, the distinction between acute and chronic pain is sometimes determined by the amount of time since onset. Two commonly used markers are pain that continues at three months and six months since onset, but some theorists and researchers have placed the transition from acute to chronic pain at twelve months. Others apply the term acute to pain that lasts less than 30 days, chronic to pain of more than six months duration, and subacute to pain that lasts from one to six months.
Coupe sagittaleThe sagittal plane (ˈsædʒɪtəl; also known as the longitudinal plane) is an anatomical plane that divides the body into right and left sections. It is perpendicular to the transverse and coronal planes. The plane may be in the center of the body and divide it into two equal parts (mid-sagittal), or away from the midline and divide it into unequal parts (para-sagittal). The term sagittal was coined by Gerard of Cremona. Examples of sagittal planes include: The terms median plane or mid-sagittal plane are sometimes used to describe the sagittal plane running through the midline.
Joint manipulationJoint manipulation is a type of passive movement of a skeletal joint. It is usually aimed at one or more 'target' synovial joints with the aim of achieving a therapeutic effect. A modern re-emphasis on manipulative therapy occurred in the late 19th century in North America with the emergence of osteopathic medicine and chiropractic medicine. In the context of healthcare, joint manipulation is performed by several professional groups.
Rayon lumineuxvignette|Lasers visibles Lasers rouges : 635 nm, 660 nm Lasers verts : 520 nm, 532 nm Lasers bleus : 405 nm, 445 nm Le rayon lumineux est une notion d'optique et un outil mathématique, utilisé principalement en optique géométrique, décrivant le trajet de la lumière de manière simplificatrice, valable uniquement lorsque le rayon lumineux se propage dans des milieux où les obstacles et composants optiques ont des dimensions très supérieures à la longueur d'onde.
Cervicalgiethumb|Radiographie de profil du rachis cervical On parle en médecine de cervicalgie pour désigner une douleur du cou. Il s'agit d'un terme générique et une cervicalgie peut avoir plusieurs causes. Les plus fréquentes sont un traumatisme au niveau du rachis cervical, l'arthrose cervicale et une hernie discale. La cervicalgie se définit comme une douleur localisée sur la partie haute de la colonne vertébrale, plus précisément au niveau des vertèbres cervicales (nuque).
Relation médecin-patientvignette|Consultation du docte médecin médiéval vignette|Médecin européen, vers 1774, Saignée, et instruments vignette|Le cas particulier du médecin militaire, qui travaille au sein d'une hiérarchie plus stricte et descendante, éventuellement en situation de danger et conflit La relation médecin-patient désigne l'ensemble des relations entre un médecin et son patient dans le cadre d'un acte ou d'un suivi thérapeutique. Le consentement éclairé et la confiance du patient, ainsi que l'écoute et l'empathie du médecin, sont des composantes de cette relation.
Lumbar spinal stenosisLumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) is a medical condition in which the spinal canal narrows and compresses the nerves and blood vessels at the level of the lumbar vertebrae. Spinal stenosis may also affect the cervical or thoracic region, in which case it is known as cervical spinal stenosis or thoracic spinal stenosis. Lumbar spinal stenosis can cause pain in the low back or buttocks, abnormal sensations, and the absence of sensation (numbness) in the legs, thighs, feet, or buttocks, or loss of bladder and bowel control.
Anatomical planeAn anatomical plane is a hypothetical plane used to transect the body, in order to describe the location of structures or the direction of movements. In human and animal anatomy, three principal planes are used: The sagittal plane or lateral plane (longitudinal, anteroposterior) is a plane parallel to the sagittal suture. It divides the body into left and right. The coronal plane or frontal plane (vertical) divides the body into dorsal and ventral (back and front, or posterior and anterior) portions.
VertèbreUne vertèbre est un os constituant la colonne vertébrale chez les animaux vertébrés. Chez l'humain, on compte vingt-quatre vertèbres indépendantes et huit à dix vertèbres soudées (cinq sacrales et trois à cinq coccygiennes, selon l'individu). Les vingt-quatre vertèbres individualisées se répartissent comme suit : sept vertèbres cervicales, numérotées de C1 à C7 en partant de la plus crâniale ; douze vertèbres thoraciques, aussi appelées vertèbres dorsales, numérotées de T1 à T12 (ou de D1 à D12) ; cinq vertèbres lombaires, numérotées de L1 à L5.
Treatment and control groupsIn the design of experiments, hypotheses are applied to experimental units in a treatment group. In comparative experiments, members of a control group receive a standard treatment, a placebo, or no treatment at all. There may be more than one treatment group, more than one control group, or both. A placebo control group can be used to support a double-blind study, in which some subjects are given an ineffective treatment (in medical studies typically a sugar pill) to minimize differences in the experiences of subjects in the different groups; this is done in a way that ensures no participant in the experiment (subject or experimenter) knows to which group each subject belongs.
