ÉclairageLéclairage est l'ensemble des moyens qui permettent à l'homme de doter son environnement des conditions de luminosité qu'il estime nécessaires à son activité ou son agrément. L'éclairage associe une source lumineuse (naturelle ou artificielle, fixe ou mobile) et d'éventuels dispositifs de type batteries, luminaires ou miroir/puits de Lumière. Les sources artificielles étaient le feu, des lampes à graisse, puis des lampes à huile, des torches, des bougies, les lampes à pétrole puis le gaz, puis des lampes électriques d’abord à incandescence (traditionnelle ou halogène) puis fluorescentes et électroluminescentes.
Architectural lighting designArchitectural lighting design is a field of work or study that is concerned with the design of lighting systems within the built environment, both interior and exterior. It can include manipulation and design of both daylight and electric light or both, to serve human needs. Lighting design is based in both science and the visual arts. The basic aim of lighting within the built environment is to enable occupants to see clearly and without discomfort.
Stage lightingStage lighting is the craft of lighting as it applies to the production of theater, dance, opera, and other performance arts. Several different types of stage lighting instruments are used in this discipline. In addition to basic lighting, modern stage lighting can also include special effects, such as lasers and fog machines. People who work on stage lighting are commonly referred to as lighting technicians or lighting designers. The equipment used for stage lighting (e.g.
Landscape lightingLandscape lighting or garden lighting refers to the use of outdoor illumination of private gardens and public landscapes; for the enhancement and purposes of safety, nighttime aesthetics, accessibility, security, recreation and sports, and social and event uses. Light pollution exacerbated by excessive, misdirected or obtrusive use of light, but even carefully used light fundamentally alters natural conditions. As a major side-effect of urbanization, it is blamed for compromising health, disrupting ecosystems and spoiling aesthetic environments.
Lighting control systemA lighting control system incorporates communication between various system inputs and outputs related to lighting control with the use of one or more central computing devices. Lighting control systems are widely used on both indoor and outdoor lighting of commercial, industrial, and residential spaces. Lighting control systems are sometimes referred to under the term smart lighting. Lighting control systems serve to provide the right amount of light where and when it is needed.
Projecteur asservithumb|Un projecteur asservi. Un projecteur asservi, communément appelé « moving light » ou « projecteur automatisé », «projecteur motorisé» est un projecteur possédant une régulation d'un ou plusieurs positionnements de ses accessoires (lyres, couteaux, roues de couleurs, de gobo, trichromie, dimmer, ...., ...). Il peut fréquemment être piloté à distance, réagir de façon automatique au son ou posséder des fonctions de tests automatisés.
Electric lightAn electric light, lamp, or light bulb is an electrical component that produces light. It is the most common form of artificial lighting. Lamps usually have a base made of ceramic, metal, glass, or plastic, which secures the lamp in the socket of a light fixture, which is often called a "lamp" as well. The electrical connection to the socket may be made with a screw-thread base, two metal pins, two metal caps or a bayonet mount.
Sommeilvignette|250px|Deux hommes endormis sur un banc. Le sommeil est un état récurrent de baisse de conscience (sans perte de la réception sensitive) du monde extérieur, accompagnée d'une diminution progressive du tonus musculaire, survenant à intervalles réguliers. L'alternance veille-sommeil correspond à l'un des cycles fondamentaux chez les animaux appartenant au rythme circadien. Chez l'être humain, le sommeil occupe près d'un tiers de la vie en moyenne.
DaylightingDaylighting is the practice of placing windows, skylights, other openings, and reflective surfaces so that direct or indirect sunlight can provide effective internal lighting. Particular attention is given to daylighting while designing a building when the aim is to maximize visual comfort or to reduce energy use. Energy savings can be achieved from the reduced use of artificial (electric) lighting or from passive solar heating.
Agrypnie (médecine)L'agrypnie est une perte totale prolongée du sommeil, soit au cours de diverses maladies rares dont elle constitue alors un symptôme, soit provoquée volontairement. L'agrypnie peut être provoquée à titre expérimental, pour étudier les effets de la privation de sommeil. La plus longue agrypnie provoquée prouvée par enregistrement électroencéphalographique est de 264 heures (11 jours) (à comparer aux ~2800 h (> 116 jours) d'insomnie quasi totale observée dans des cas pathologiques).
