Chirurgie vasculairevignette|upright=0.6|Exemple de chirurgie vasculaire: retrait d'une plaque d'athérome dans la carotide. La chirurgie vasculaire est la chirurgie des vaisseaux, artères et veines, à l'exclusion des vaisseaux intracrâniens et coronaires. Chirurgie artérielle Traite non seulement les occlusions artérielles aiguës (ischémie aigüe de membre) et chroniques (artériopathie oblitérante), les anévrismes artériels, les dissections artérielles (dissection aortique de type B) mais aussi les traumatismes artériels (plaies graves chez les polytraumatisés), les malformations arterio-veineuses, créé des fistules arterio-veineuses (accès pour hémodialyse), assiste sur les transplantations d’organes lors de gestes sur les vaisseaux compliqués.
Breast cancer classificationBreast cancer classification divides breast cancer into categories according to different schemes criteria and serving a different purpose. The major categories are the histopathological type, the grade of the tumor, the stage of the tumor, and the expression of proteins and genes. As knowledge of cancer cell biology develops these classifications are updated. The purpose of classification is to select the best treatment. The effectiveness of a specific treatment is demonstrated for a specific breast cancer (usually by randomized, controlled trials).
Breast cancer awarenessBreast cancer awareness is an effort to raise awareness and reduce the stigma of breast cancer through education about screening, symptoms, and treatment. Supporters hope that greater knowledge will lead to earlier detection of breast cancer, which is associated with higher long-term survival rates, and that money raised for breast cancer will produce a reliable, permanent cure. Breast cancer advocacy and awareness efforts are a type of health advocacy. Breast cancer advocates raise funds and lobby for better care, more knowledge, and more patient empowerment.
Système immunitaire innévignette|Schéma simplifié de l'homéostasie et de la réponse immunitaire au niveau de la barrière intestinale. Le système immunitaire inné comprend les cellules et les mécanismes permettant la défense immédiate de l'organisme contre les agents infectieux de façon immédiate car elle ne nécessite pas de division cellulaire. Il s'oppose en cela au système immunitaire adaptatif, qui confère une protection plus tardive mais plus durable, et qui nécessite une division cellulaire (lymphocyte B et T).
Cancer de la boucheLes cancers de la bouche, ou cancers de la cavité buccale, désignent les lésions cancéreuses situées au niveau du plancher de la bouche (2/3 antérieurs de langue, palais, joues, gencives, lèvres). Ce sont les cancers des voies aérodigestives supérieures (VADS) les plus fréquents. Ils sont essentiellement causés par la consommation de tabac et d’alcool, d'autant plus lorsqu'ils sont consommés ensemble (effet synergique). En France métropolitaine, on a recensé environ nouveaux cas en 2018, dont 66 % d'hommes.
Système immunitaire adaptatifvignette|Schéma simplifié de l'homéostasie et de la réponse immunitaire au niveau de la barrière intestinale. Le système immunitaire adaptatif comprend les lymphocytes T, qui contribuent à l'immunité à médiation cellulaire, et les lymphocytes B, qui sont responsables de l'immunité à médiation humorale. Ces deux populations cellulaires ont des propriétés et des fonctions distinctes des cellules du système immunitaire inné.
Breast cancer screeningBreast cancer screening is the medical screening of asymptomatic, apparently healthy women for breast cancer in an attempt to achieve an earlier diagnosis. The assumption is that early detection will improve outcomes. A number of screening tests have been employed, including clinical and self breast exams, mammography, genetic screening, ultrasound, and magnetic resonance imaging. A clinical or self breast exam involves feeling the breast for lumps or other abnormalities.
Immunité cellulaireCell-mediated immunity or cellular immunity is an immune response that does not involve antibodies. Rather, cell-mediated immunity is the activation of phagocytes, antigen-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocytes, and the release of various cytokines in response to an antigen. In the late 19th century Hippocratic tradition medicine system, the immune system was imagined into two branches: humoral immunity, for which the protective function of immunization could be found in the humor (cell-free bodily fluid or serum) and cellular immunity, for which the protective function of immunization was associated with cells.
Immune responseAn immune response is a physiological reaction which occurs within an organism in the context of inflammation for the purpose of defending against exogenous factors. These include a wide variety of different toxins, viruses, intra- and extracellular bacteria, protozoa, helminths, and fungi which could cause serious problems to the health of the host organism if not cleared from the body. In addition, there are other forms of immune response.
High-content screeningHigh-content screening (HCS), also known as high-content analysis (HCA) or cellomics, is a method that is used in biological research and drug discovery to identify substances such as small molecules, peptides, or RNAi that alter the phenotype of a cell in a desired manner. Hence high content screening is a type of phenotypic screen conducted in cells involving the analysis of whole cells or components of cells with simultaneous readout of several parameters.
