Price systemIn economics, a price system is a system through which the valuations of any forms of property (tangible or intangible) are determined. All societies use price systems in the allocation and exchange of resources as a consequence of scarcity. Even in a barter system with no money, price systems are still utilized in the determination of exchange ratios (relative valuations) between the properties being exchanged.
Price ceilingA price ceiling is a government- or group-imposed price control, or limit, on how high a price is charged for a product, commodity, or service. Governments use price ceilings to protect consumers from conditions that could make commodities prohibitively expensive. Such conditions can occur during periods of high inflation, in the event of an investment bubble, or in the event of monopoly ownership of a product, all of which can cause problems if imposed for a long period without controlled rationing, leading to shortages.
Cash flow forecastingCash flow forecasting is the process of obtaining an estimate of a company's future financial position; the cash flow forecast is typically based on anticipated payments and receivables. There are two types of cash flow forecasting methodologies in general: Direct cash forecasting Indirect cash forecasting. Financial forecastCash management and Treasury management#Cash and Liquidity Management Cash flow forecasting is an element of financial management.
Market structureMarket structure, in economics, depicts how firms are differentiated and categorised based on the types of goods they sell (homogeneous/heterogeneous) and how their operations are affected by external factors and elements. Market structure makes it easier to understand the characteristics of diverse markets. The main body of the market is composed of suppliers and demanders. Both parties are equal and indispensable. The market structure determines the price formation method of the market.
Contrôle des prixLe contrôle des prix désigne les restrictions gouvernementales imposées sur les prix des denrées et services d'un marché. Les objectifs de tels contrôles sont, notamment, de maintenir accessible l'accès aux aliments de base, d'éviter les et de ralentir l'inflation (ou inversement d'assurer un revenu minimum aux producteurs de certaines marchandises). Jusqu'aux débuts des années 1980, la majorité des pays en voie de développement (PVD) utilisaient le mécanisme des caisses de compensation concernant les produits de première nécessité : le gouvernement fixe le prix de vente au vendeur lequel prix est largement inférieur au prix du marché.
Free cash flow to equityIn corporate finance, free cash flow to equity (FCFE) is a metric of how much cash can be distributed to the equity shareholders of the company as dividends or stock buybacks—after all expenses, reinvestments, and debt repayments are taken care of. It is also referred to as the levered free cash flow or the flow to equity (FTE). Whereas dividends are the cash flows actually paid to shareholders, the FCFE is the cash flow simply available to shareholders. The FCFE is usually calculated as a part of DCF or LBO modelling and valuation.
ProfitLe profit est le gain financier obtenu d'une opération économique : typiquement, la différence entre le revenu de la vente d'un produit et le coût de sa production en investissement de capital et salaires versés ; mais l'intérêt obtenu d'un prêt est rarement inclus dans la notion de profit puisqu'il est partie intégrante du coût de l'investissement en capital. Selon l'étendue que l'on donne à la notion, il peut s'agir également d'un gain commercial ou encore du revenu de la location pour le propriétaire d'un bien immobilier ou d'équipement.
PricingPricing is the process whereby a business sets the price at which it will sell its products and services, and may be part of the business's marketing plan. In setting prices, the business will take into account the price at which it could acquire the goods, the manufacturing cost, the marketplace, competition, market condition, brand, and quality of product. Pricing is a fundamental aspect of product management and is one of the four Ps of the marketing mix, the other three aspects being product, promotion, and place.
Price discoveryIn economics and finance, the price discovery process (also called price discovery mechanism) is the process of determining the price of an asset in the marketplace through the interactions of buyers and sellers. Price discovery is different from valuation. Price discovery process involves buyers and sellers arriving at a transaction price for a specific item at a given time.
Coefficient bêtaLe coefficient bêta est, en finance, une mesure de la volatilité du prix d'un actif par rapport à celle d'un marché financier. Il s'agit d'un coefficient clef du modèle d'évaluation des actifs financiers (MEDAF). Il est un indicateur utile dans la mise en place d'une stratégie de diversification des risques. Le bêta est le rapport entre la rentabilité de cet actif et celle du marché puisque la volatilité concerne les variations de cours qui sont un élément essentiel de rentabilité.
