Publication
Vectorial scanning force microscopy using a nanowire sensor
Concepts associés (32)
Groupe orthogonal
En mathématiques, le groupe orthogonal réel de degré n, noté O(n), est le groupe des transformations géométriques d'un espace Euclidien de dimension n qui préservent les distances (isométries) et le point origine de l'espace. Formellement, on introduit le groupe orthogonal d'une forme quadratique q sur E, espace vectoriel sur un corps commutatif K, comme le sous-groupe du groupe linéaire GL(E) constitué des automorphismes f de E qui laissent q invariante : pour tout vecteur x de E.
Mission de retour d'échantillons
vignette|Vue d'artiste du décollage depuis la surface de Mars du lanceur ramenant des échantillons martiens. Une mission de retour d'échantillons est une mission spatiale dont l'objectif est de ramener sur Terre à des fins d'analyses des échantillons d'un autre corps céleste ou des particules interplanétaires ou interstellaires. Ce type de mission peut être réalisé par un robot (sonde spatiale) ou dans le cadre d'une mission avec équipage.
Microscope optique en champ proche
Le microscope optique en champ proche (MOCP, ou SNOM pour scanning near-field optical microscope ou NSOM pour near-field scanning optical microscopy) ou microscope optique à sonde locale (MOSL) est un type de microscope à sonde locale qui permet d'imager des objets à partir de la détection des ondes évanescentes confinées au voisinage de leur surface (détection en champ proche optique). Le MOCP permet de compenser la diffraction, une des limitations de la microscopie optique.
Spectroscopie Raman
La spectroscopie Raman (ou spectrométrie Raman) et la microspectroscopie Raman sont des méthodes non destructives d'observation et de caractérisation de la composition moléculaire et de la structure externe d'un matériau, qui exploite le phénomène physique selon lequel un milieu modifie légèrement la fréquence de la lumière y circulant. Ce décalage en fréquence dit l'effet Raman correspond à un échange d'énergie entre le rayon lumineux et le milieu, et donne des informations sur le substrat lui-même.
Potential applications of graphene
Potential graphene applications include lightweight, thin, and flexible electric/photonics circuits, solar cells, and various medical, chemical and industrial processes enhanced or enabled by the use of new graphene materials. In 2008, graphene produced by exfoliation was one of the most expensive materials on Earth, with a sample the area of a cross section of a human hair costing more than 100,000,000/cm2). Since then, exfoliation procedures have been scaled up, and now companies sell graphene in large quantities.
Simple harmonic motion
In mechanics and physics, simple harmonic motion (sometimes abbreviated ()) is a special type of periodic motion an object experiences due to a restoring force whose magnitude is directly proportional to the distance of the object from an equilibrium position and acts towards the equilibrium position. It results in an oscillation that is described by a sinusoid which continues indefinitely (if uninhibited by friction or any other dissipation of energy).
Rotation of axes in two dimensions
In mathematics, a rotation of axes in two dimensions is a mapping from an xy-Cartesian coordinate system to an x′y′-Cartesian coordinate system in which the origin is kept fixed and the x′ and y′ axes are obtained by rotating the x and y axes counterclockwise through an angle . A point P has coordinates (x, y) with respect to the original system and coordinates (x′, y′) with respect to the new system. In the new coordinate system, the point P will appear to have been rotated in the opposite direction, that is, clockwise through the angle .
Retouche numérique
Image editing encompasses the processes of altering s, whether they are digital photographs, traditional photo-chemical photographs, or illustrations. Traditional analog image editing is known as photo retouching, using tools such as an airbrush to modify photographs or editing illustrations with any traditional art medium. Graphic software programs, which can be broadly grouped into vector graphics editors, raster graphics editors, and 3D modelers, are the primary tools with which a user may manipulate, enhance, and transform images.
Resonator
A resonator is a device or system that exhibits resonance or resonant behavior. That is, it naturally oscillates with greater amplitude at some frequencies, called resonant frequencies, than at other frequencies. The oscillations in a resonator can be either electromagnetic or mechanical (including acoustic). Resonators are used to either generate waves of specific frequencies or to select specific frequencies from a signal. Musical instruments use acoustic resonators that produce sound waves of specific tones.
Magnetic domain
A magnetic domain is a region within a magnetic material in which the magnetization is in a uniform direction. This means that the individual magnetic moments of the atoms are aligned with one another and they point in the same direction. When cooled below a temperature called the Curie temperature, the magnetization of a piece of ferromagnetic material spontaneously divides into many small regions called magnetic domains. The magnetization within each domain points in a uniform direction, but the magnetization of different domains may point in different directions.