Matrix decompositionIn the mathematical discipline of linear algebra, a matrix decomposition or matrix factorization is a factorization of a matrix into a product of matrices. There are many different matrix decompositions; each finds use among a particular class of problems. In numerical analysis, different decompositions are used to implement efficient matrix algorithms. For instance, when solving a system of linear equations , the matrix A can be decomposed via the LU decomposition.
Adjugate matrixIn linear algebra, the adjugate or classical adjoint of a square matrix A is the transpose of its cofactor matrix and is denoted by adj(A). It is also occasionally known as adjunct matrix, or "adjoint", though the latter term today normally refers to a different concept, the adjoint operator which for a matrix is the conjugate transpose. The product of a matrix with its adjugate gives a diagonal matrix (entries not on the main diagonal are zero) whose diagonal entries are the determinant of the original matrix: where I is the identity matrix of the same size as A.
Transformation de Fourier rapideLa transformation de Fourier rapide (sigle anglais : FFT ou fast Fourier transform) est un algorithme de calcul de la transformation de Fourier discrète (TFD). Sa complexité varie en O(n log n) avec le nombre n de points, alors que la complexité de l’algorithme « naïf » s'exprime en O(n). Ainsi, pour n = , le temps de calcul de l'algorithme rapide peut être 100 fois plus court que le calcul utilisant la formule de définition de la TFD.
Théorie spectraleEn mathématiques, et plus particulièrement en analyse, une théorie spectrale est une théorie étendant à des opérateurs définis sur des espaces fonctionnels généraux la théorie élémentaire des valeurs propres et des vecteurs propres de matrices. Bien que ces idées viennent au départ du développement de l'algèbre linéaire, elles sont également liées à l'étude des fonctions analytiques, parce que les propriétés spectrales d'un opérateur sont liées à celles de fonctions analytiques sur les valeurs de son spectre.
Riesz projectorIn mathematics, or more specifically in spectral theory, the Riesz projector is the projector onto the eigenspace corresponding to a particular eigenvalue of an operator (or, more generally, a projector onto an invariant subspace corresponding to an isolated part of the spectrum). It was introduced by Frigyes Riesz in 1912. Let be a closed linear operator in the Banach space . Let be a simple or composite rectifiable contour, which encloses some region and lies entirely within the resolvent set () of the operator .
Computational complexityIn computer science, the computational complexity or simply complexity of an algorithm is the amount of resources required to run it. Particular focus is given to computation time (generally measured by the number of needed elementary operations) and memory storage requirements. The complexity of a problem is the complexity of the best algorithms that allow solving the problem. The study of the complexity of explicitly given algorithms is called analysis of algorithms, while the study of the complexity of problems is called computational complexity theory.
Sparse dictionary learningSparse dictionary learning (also known as sparse coding or SDL) is a representation learning method which aims at finding a sparse representation of the input data in the form of a linear combination of basic elements as well as those basic elements themselves. These elements are called atoms and they compose a dictionary. Atoms in the dictionary are not required to be orthogonal, and they may be an over-complete spanning set. This problem setup also allows the dimensionality of the signals being represented to be higher than the one of the signals being observed.
Algorithme de multiplication d'entiersLes algorithmes de multiplication permettent de calculer le résultat d'une multiplication. Graphiquement, il s'agit de transformer un rectangle multiplicateur × multiplicande en une ligne, en conservant le nombre d'éléments. Ce type de multiplication n'utilise que des additions et des multiplications ou des divisions par 2. Elle ne nécessite pas de connaître de table de multiplication (autre que la multiplication par 2).
Matrice tridiagonaleEn mathématiques, en algèbre linéaire, une matrice tridiagonale est une matrice dont tous les coefficients qui ne sont ni sur la diagonale principale, ni sur la diagonale juste au-dessus, ni sur la diagonale juste en dessous, sont nuls. Par exemple, la matrice suivante est tridiagonale : Une matrice , dont on note les coefficients a, est dite tridiagonale si : a = 0 pour tous (i, j) tels que i – j > 1, autrement dit si c'est une matrice de Hessenberg à la fois supérieure et inférieure.
Matrix ringIn abstract algebra, a matrix ring is a set of matrices with entries in a ring R that form a ring under matrix addition and matrix multiplication . The set of all n × n matrices with entries in R is a matrix ring denoted Mn(R) (alternative notations: Matn(R) and Rn×n). Some sets of infinite matrices form infinite matrix rings. Any subring of a matrix ring is a matrix ring. Over a rng, one can form matrix rngs. When R is a commutative ring, the matrix ring Mn(R) is an associative algebra over R, and may be called a matrix algebra.
