Ten years of biophotonics single-photon SPAD imager applications: retrospective and outlook, Multiphoton Microscopy in the Biomedical Sciences XVII

SPAD (single-photon avalanche diode) arrays are single-photon imagers that can provide unparalleled timeresolved sensing performance. Since their inception in standard CMOS technologies (2003), a host of architectures and target applications have been explored, ranging from simple pixel arrays, with off-chip data processing electronics, to fully integrated “smart” imagers with in-pixel time-stamping electronics and/or on-chip data processing fabric. Applications include (endoscopic) FLIM, (multi-beam multiphoton) FLIM-FRET, SPIMFCS, time-resolved Raman, NIROT, super-resolution microscopy, and PET, to name a few. We will review some representative sensors and applications, the corresponding challenges, and provide an outlook on the future of this fascinating technology

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Claudio Bruschini, Edoardo Charbon, Harald Arjan Robert Homulle
2017
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https://infoscience.epfl.ch/record/255632?ln=fr

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Application (informatique)

Une application, un applicatif ou encore une appli, une app est, dans le domaine informatique, un programme (ou un ensemble logiciel) directement utilisé pour réaliser une tâche, ou un ensemble de t

Microscopie à super-résolution

La microscopie à super-résolution est un ensemble de techniques permettant d'imager en microscopie optique des objets à une résolution à l’échelle nanométrique. Elle se démarque par le fait que la ré

Active-pixel sensor

An active-pixel sensor (APS) is an , which was invented by Peter J.W. Noble in 1968, where each pixel sensor unit cell has a photodetector (typically a pinned photodiode) and one or more active trans

Single-photon avalanche diode imagers in biophotonics: review and outlook

Ivan Michel Antolovic, Claudio Bruschini, Samuel Burri, Edoardo Charbon, Harald Arjan Robert Homulle

Single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) arrays are solid-state detectors that offer imaging capabilities at the level of individual photons, with unparalleled photon counting and time-resolved performance. This fascinating technology has progressed at a very fast pace in the past 15 years, since its inception in standard CMOS technology in 2003. A host of architectures have been investigated, ranging from simpler implementations, based solely on off-chip data processing, to progressively "smarter" sensors including on-chip, or even pixel level, time-stamping and processing capabilities. As the technology has matured, a range of biophotonics applications have been explored, including (endoscopic) FLIM, (multibeam multiphoton) FLIM-FRET, SPIM-FCS, super-resolution microscopy, time-resolved Raman spectroscopy, NIROT and PET. We will review some representative sensors and their corresponding applications, including the most relevant challenges faced by chip designers and end-users. Finally, we will provide an outlook on the future of this fascinating technology.

2019

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