Impôt sur la fortunevignette|Impot L’impôt sur la fortune est un impôt individuel appliqué non pas sur un revenu ou une transaction, mais sur le patrimoine, en fonction de la valeur de tout ou partie des biens d'une personne. Il n'est appliqué au niveau national que dans quelques pays à travers le monde et , selon l'ONG Oxfam. Ses partisans invoquent la redistribution des richesses, tandis que ses adversaires sont opposés à cette redistribution forcée ou jugent que cet impôt ne permet pas d'atteindre cet objectif et appauvrit souvent le pays in fine par l'expatriation fiscale.
Dominance (economics)Market dominance is the control of a economic market by a firm. A dominant firm possesses the power to affect competition and influence market price. A firms' dominance is a measure of the power of a brand, product, service, or firm, relative to competitive offerings, whereby a dominant firm can behave independent of their competitors or consumers, and without concern for resource allocation. Dominant positioning is both a legal concept and an economic concept and the distinction between the two is important when determining whether a firm's market position is dominant.
Hedge accountingHedge accounting is an accountancy practice, the aim of which is to provide an offset to the mark-to-market movement of the derivative in the profit and loss account. There are two types of hedge recognized. For a fair value hedge, the offset is achieved either by marking-to-market an asset or a liability which offsets the P&L movement of the derivative. For a cash flow hedge, some of the derivative volatility is placed into a separate component of the entity's equity called the cash flow hedge reserve.
Marché secondaireLe marché secondaire est le marché financier où les agents économiques peuvent acheter et vendre des actifs financiers déjà existants. Il s'agit d'un , contrairement au marché primaire, qui est un marché de neuf. Les marchés secondaires sont des marchés où s'échangent des actifs financiers déjà émis et achetés une première fois. Il s'agit à ce titre d'un marché d'occasion, où un actif change de main. Les marchés secondaires comportent à la fois un segment organisé (la bourse), et un segment de gré à gré (marchés privés, over-the-counter).
List of commodities exchangesA commodities exchange is an exchange, or market, where various commodities are traded. Most commodity markets around the world trade in agricultural products and other raw materials (like wheat, barley, sugar, maize, cotton, cocoa, coffee, milk products, pork bellies, oil, and metals). Trading includes and various types of derivatives contracts based on these commodities, such as forwards, futures and options, as well as spot trades (for immediate delivery).
Gestion alternativethumb|Les investissements des fonds spéculatifs entre 2000 et 2007 La gestion alternative (en anglais : hedge fund) est un mode de gestion de portefeuille alternative risqué par lequel le fonds d'investissement qui investit mobilise des actifs liquides et recourt à des montages financiers complexes et à des techniques de management du risque pour améliorer ses performances. La gestion alternative utilise notamment la vente à découvert, l'effet de levier et les produits dérivés.
Price gougingPrice gouging is the practice of increasing the prices of goods, services, or commodities to a level much higher than is considered reasonable or fair. Usually, this event occurs after a demand or supply shock. This commonly applies to price increases of basic necessities after natural disasters. The term can also be used to refer to profits obtained by practices inconsistent with a competitive free market, or to windfall profits. In some jurisdictions of the United States during civil emergencies, price gouging is a specific crime.
Price warA price war is a form of market competition in which companies within an industry engage in aggressive pricing strategies, “characterized by the repeated cutting of prices below those of competitors”. This leads to a vicious cycle, where each competitor attempts to match or undercut the price of the other. Competitors are driven to follow the initial price-cut due to the downward pricing pressure, referred to as “price-cutting momentum”. Heil and Helsen (2001) proposed that a price war exists only if one or more of a set of qualitative conditions are satisfied.
De gré à gréL'expression de gré à gré se rencontre dans deux cas de figure : 1°) la vente et 2°) le marché financier. La vente de gré à gré qualifie la transmission d'un droit ou d'un bien par l'effet de la libre manifestation des volontés des parties. Autrement dit, elle s'opère sans intermédiaire et s'oppose à la vente forcée (vente publique) ou par adjudication. Le marché de gré à gré ou hors cote qualifie dans le monde financier — over-the-counter (OTC) en anglais — une transaction conclue directement entre le vendeur et l'acheteur.
Automated trading systemAn automated trading system (ATS), a subset of algorithmic trading, uses a computer program to create buy and sell orders and automatically submits the orders to a market center or exchange. The computer program will automatically generate orders based on predefined set of rules using a trading strategy which is based on technical analysis, advanced statistical and mathematical computations or input from other electronic sources. These automated trading systems are mostly employed by investment banks or hedge funds, but are also available to private investors using simple online tools.
