Bayes estimatorIn estimation theory and decision theory, a Bayes estimator or a Bayes action is an estimator or decision rule that minimizes the posterior expected value of a loss function (i.e., the posterior expected loss). Equivalently, it maximizes the posterior expectation of a utility function. An alternative way of formulating an estimator within Bayesian statistics is maximum a posteriori estimation. Suppose an unknown parameter is known to have a prior distribution .
Analyse (mathématiques)L'analyse (du grec , délier, examiner en détail, résoudre) a pour point de départ la formulation rigoureuse du calcul infinitésimal. C'est la branche des mathématiques qui traite explicitement de la notion de limite, que ce soit la limite d'une suite ou la limite d'une fonction. Elle inclut également des notions comme la continuité, la dérivation et l'intégration. Ces notions sont étudiées dans le contexte des nombres réels ou des nombres complexes.
Design matrixIn statistics and in particular in regression analysis, a design matrix, also known as model matrix or regressor matrix and often denoted by X, is a matrix of values of explanatory variables of a set of objects. Each row represents an individual object, with the successive columns corresponding to the variables and their specific values for that object. The design matrix is used in certain statistical models, e.g., the general linear model.
Random fieldIn physics and mathematics, a random field is a random function over an arbitrary domain (usually a multi-dimensional space such as ). That is, it is a function that takes on a random value at each point (or some other domain). It is also sometimes thought of as a synonym for a stochastic process with some restriction on its index set. That is, by modern definitions, a random field is a generalization of a stochastic process where the underlying parameter need no longer be real or integer valued "time" but can instead take values that are multidimensional vectors or points on some manifold.
Data transformation (statistics)In statistics, data transformation is the application of a deterministic mathematical function to each point in a data set—that is, each data point zi is replaced with the transformed value yi = f(zi), where f is a function. Transforms are usually applied so that the data appear to more closely meet the assumptions of a statistical inference procedure that is to be applied, or to improve the interpretability or appearance of graphs. Nearly always, the function that is used to transform the data is invertible, and generally is continuous.
Augustin Louis CauchyAugustin Louis, baron Cauchy, né à Paris le et mort à Sceaux le , est un mathématicien français, membre de l’Académie des sciences et professeur à l’École polytechnique. Catholique fervent, il est le fondateur de nombreuses œuvres charitables, dont l’Œuvre des Écoles d’Orient. Royaliste légitimiste, il s’exile volontairement lors de l'avènement de Louis-Philippe, après les Trois Glorieuses. Ses positions politiques et religieuses lui valurent nombre d’oppositions.
