Sample mean and covarianceThe sample mean (sample average) or empirical mean (empirical average), and the sample covariance or empirical covariance are statistics computed from a sample of data on one or more random variables. The sample mean is the average value (or mean value) of a sample of numbers taken from a larger population of numbers, where "population" indicates not number of people but the entirety of relevant data, whether collected or not. A sample of 40 companies' sales from the Fortune 500 might be used for convenience instead of looking at the population, all 500 companies' sales.
Energy–momentum relationIn physics, the energy–momentum relation, or relativistic dispersion relation, is the relativistic equation relating total energy (which is also called relativistic energy) to invariant mass (which is also called rest mass) and momentum. It is the extension of mass–energy equivalence for bodies or systems with non-zero momentum. It can be written as the following equation: This equation holds for a body or system, such as one or more particles, with total energy E, invariant mass m0, and momentum of magnitude p; the constant c is the speed of light.
Electric armourElectric armour or electromagnetic armour is a type of reactive armour proposed for the protection of ships and armoured fighting vehicles from shaped charge and possibly kinetic weapons using a strong electric current, complementing or replacing conventional explosive reacting armour (ERA). Electric armour is a newer reactive armour technology. This armour is made up of two or more conductive plates separated by an air gap or by an insulating material, creating a high-power capacitor.
Obus à charge creusevignette|Impact d'une roquette antichar tirée depuis un lanceur RPG-7. Après le contact de la fusée avec l'obstacle, le combustible/explosif à l'intérieur de l'ogive est activé, repliant le cône de cuivre vers l'intérieur, créant ainsi un flux cumulatif qui pénètre la cible et envoie des milliers de petites aiguilles métalliques chaudes et de shrapnells, blessant ou tuant l'équipage et/ou endommageant et détruisant le véhicule et les équipements à l'intérieur.
Blindage réactifvignette|Le module de surblindage de ce T-55 Enigma irakien renferme un blindage réactif composé de six sandwichs fait chacun d'une feuille de caoutchouc intercalée entre des plaques d'acier et d'aluminium. Le blindage réactif, anciennement appelé blindage actif, est un type de blindage utilisé sur les véhicules blindés. Contrairement à un blindage conventionnel qui demeure inerte lors de l'impact d'un projectile, le blindage réactif réagit au contact de ce dernier dans le but de le déstabiliser, le fragiliser voire le cisailler en plusieurs morceaux.
