Protein–protein interaction predictionProtein–protein interaction prediction is a field combining bioinformatics and structural biology in an attempt to identify and catalog physical interactions between pairs or groups of proteins. Understanding protein–protein interactions is important for the investigation of intracellular signaling pathways, modelling of protein complex structures and for gaining insights into various biochemical processes.
Uncertainty quantificationUncertainty quantification (UQ) is the science of quantitative characterization and estimation of uncertainties in both computational and real world applications. It tries to determine how likely certain outcomes are if some aspects of the system are not exactly known. An example would be to predict the acceleration of a human body in a head-on crash with another car: even if the speed was exactly known, small differences in the manufacturing of individual cars, how tightly every bolt has been tightened, etc.
Test de normalitéEn statistiques, les tests de normalité permettent de vérifier si des données réelles suivent une loi normale ou non. Les tests de normalité sont des cas particuliers des tests d'adéquation (ou tests d'ajustement, tests permettant de comparer des distributions), appliqués à une loi normale. Ces tests prennent une place importante en statistiques. En effet, de nombreux tests supposent la normalité des distributions pour être applicables. En toute rigueur, il est indispensable de vérifier la normalité avant d'utiliser les tests.
Albinism in humansAlbinism is a congenital condition characterized in humans by the partial or complete absence of pigment in the skin, hair and eyes. Albinism is associated with a number of vision defects, such as photophobia, nystagmus, and amblyopia. Lack of skin pigmentation makes for more susceptibility to sunburn and skin cancers. In rare cases such as Chédiak–Higashi syndrome, albinism may be associated with deficiencies in the transportation of melanin granules. This also affects essential granules present in immune cells leading to increased susceptibility to infection.
Inventory theoryMaterial theory (or more formally the mathematical theory of inventory and production) is the sub-specialty within operations research and operations management that is concerned with the design of production/inventory systems to minimize costs: it studies the decisions faced by firms and the military in connection with manufacturing, warehousing, supply chains, spare part allocation and so on and provides the mathematical foundation for logistics.
Problème du vendeur de journauxLe problème dit « problème du vendeur de journaux » est un modèle mathématique simple en recherche opérationnelle (microéconomie) concernant le volume économiquement optimal du stock d’un bien qui sera proposé à une demande aléatoire. L’analyse de ce problème académique montre que, lorsque des phénomènes stochastiques interviennent dans les données d’un problème d’optimisation, le fait de remplacer ces variables aléatoires par leurs espérances respectives dénature les résultats et conduit à une sous-optimisation.
