Intuitive statisticsIntuitive statistics, or folk statistics, is the cognitive phenomenon where organisms use data to make generalizations and predictions about the world. This can be a small amount of sample data or training instances, which in turn contribute to inductive inferences about either population-level properties, future data, or both. Inferences can involve revising hypotheses, or beliefs, in light of probabilistic data that inform and motivate future predictions.
Cool jazzLe cool jazz, ou jazz cool, est un style de musique jazz apparu vers la fin des années 1940. vignette|Gerry Mulligan. L'appellation cool jazz''' recouvre différents courants Jazz West Coast, Smooth Jazz, des musiques très différentes ont été étiquetées comme du « cool jazz » par les journalistes et critiques (des innovations pianistiques de Lennie Tristano aux improvisations contrapuntiques héritées de la musique baroque du Modern Jazz Quartet en passant par l'inclassable quartet de Dave Brubeck).
Music archaeologyMusic archaeology is an interdisciplinary field of study that combines musicology and archaeology. As it includes the study of music from various cultures, it is often considered to be a subfield of ethnomusicology. According to music archaeologist Adje Both, "In its broadest sense, music archaeology is the study of the phenomenon of past musical behaviours and sounds." Music archaeologists often combine methods from musicology and archaeology.
Musique algorithmiqueDepuis le démarrage de la réflexion sur la composition assistée par ordinateur, première expérimentation musicale utilisant l’outil informatique, les systèmes de composition se sont tour à tour préoccupés d’infléchir ou de laisser l’initiative à la machine, et, parallèlement, de libérer totalement l’homme de certaines tâches de régulation, ou de lui laisser une part importante de création. Pour tenter de réduire la proportion de hasard, l'ordinateur fut utilisé pour ses fonctions de contrôle de l’automation.
Edwardian musical comedyEdwardian musical comedy was a form of British musical theatre that extended beyond the reign of King Edward VII in both directions, beginning in the early 1890s, when the Gilbert and Sullivan operas' dominance had ended, until the rise of the American musicals by Jerome Kern, Rodgers and Hart, George Gershwin and Cole Porter following the First World War. Between In Town in 1892 and The Maid of the Mountains, premiering in 1917, this new style of musical theatre became dominant on the musical stage in Britain and the rest of the English-speaking world.
Psychology of reasoningThe psychology of reasoning (also known as the cognitive science of reasoning) is the study of how people reason, often broadly defined as the process of drawing conclusions to inform how people solve problems and make decisions. It overlaps with psychology, philosophy, linguistics, cognitive science, artificial intelligence, logic, and probability theory. Psychological experiments on how humans and other animals reason have been carried out for over 100 years. An enduring question is whether or not people have the capacity to be rational.
Systematic musicologySystematic musicology is an umbrella term, used mainly in Central Europe, for several subdisciplines and paradigms of musicology. "Systematic musicology has traditionally been conceived of as an interdisciplinary science, whose aim it is to explore the foundations of music from different points of view, such as acoustics, physiology, psychology, anthropology, music theory, sociology, and aesthetics.
Combinatory categorial grammarCombinatory categorial grammar (CCG) is an efficiently parsable, yet linguistically expressive grammar formalism. It has a transparent interface between surface syntax and underlying semantic representation, including predicate–argument structure, quantification and information structure. The formalism generates constituency-based structures (as opposed to dependency-based ones) and is therefore a type of phrase structure grammar (as opposed to a dependency grammar).
Trombone (instrument)Le trombone est un instrument de musique à vent et à embouchure de la famille des cuivres clairs. Le terme désigne implicitement le trombone à coulisse caractérisé par l'utilisation d'une coulisse télescopique, mais il existe également le trombone à pistons. Le trombone à coulisse est l'un des rares instruments à vent dont la maîtrise ne nécessite pas l'utilisation individuelle des doigts. Que le trombone soit ténor ou basse, son registre est plus grave que celui d'une trompette.
Common practice periodIn European art music, the common-practice period is the era of the tonal system. Most of its features persisted from the mid-Baroque period through the Classical and Romantic periods, roughly from 1650 to 1900. There was much stylistic evolution during these centuries, with patterns and conventions flourishing and then declining, such as the sonata form. The most prominent, unifying feature throughout the period is a harmonic language to which music theorists can today apply Roman numeral chord analysis.
