ÉclairageLéclairage est l'ensemble des moyens qui permettent à l'homme de doter son environnement des conditions de luminosité qu'il estime nécessaires à son activité ou son agrément. L'éclairage associe une source lumineuse (naturelle ou artificielle, fixe ou mobile) et d'éventuels dispositifs de type batteries, luminaires ou miroir/puits de Lumière. Les sources artificielles étaient le feu, des lampes à graisse, puis des lampes à huile, des torches, des bougies, les lampes à pétrole puis le gaz, puis des lampes électriques d’abord à incandescence (traditionnelle ou halogène) puis fluorescentes et électroluminescentes.
Architectural lighting designArchitectural lighting design is a field of work or study that is concerned with the design of lighting systems within the built environment, both interior and exterior. It can include manipulation and design of both daylight and electric light or both, to serve human needs. Lighting design is based in both science and the visual arts. The basic aim of lighting within the built environment is to enable occupants to see clearly and without discomfort.
Electric lightAn electric light, lamp, or light bulb is an electrical component that produces light. It is the most common form of artificial lighting. Lamps usually have a base made of ceramic, metal, glass, or plastic, which secures the lamp in the socket of a light fixture, which is often called a "lamp" as well. The electrical connection to the socket may be made with a screw-thread base, two metal pins, two metal caps or a bayonet mount.
Stage lightingStage lighting is the craft of lighting as it applies to the production of theater, dance, opera, and other performance arts. Several different types of stage lighting instruments are used in this discipline. In addition to basic lighting, modern stage lighting can also include special effects, such as lasers and fog machines. People who work on stage lighting are commonly referred to as lighting technicians or lighting designers. The equipment used for stage lighting (e.g.
Lighting control systemA lighting control system incorporates communication between various system inputs and outputs related to lighting control with the use of one or more central computing devices. Lighting control systems are widely used on both indoor and outdoor lighting of commercial, industrial, and residential spaces. Lighting control systems are sometimes referred to under the term smart lighting. Lighting control systems serve to provide the right amount of light where and when it is needed.
Landscape lightingLandscape lighting or garden lighting refers to the use of outdoor illumination of private gardens and public landscapes; for the enhancement and purposes of safety, nighttime aesthetics, accessibility, security, recreation and sports, and social and event uses. Light pollution exacerbated by excessive, misdirected or obtrusive use of light, but even carefully used light fundamentally alters natural conditions. As a major side-effect of urbanization, it is blamed for compromising health, disrupting ecosystems and spoiling aesthetic environments.
Éclairement énergétiquevignette|Irradiance spectrale solaire (distribution du rayonnement solaire). L’éclairement énergétique ou irradiance est un terme radiométrique qui quantifie la puissance d'un rayonnement électromagnétique frappant par unité de surface perpendiculaire à sa direction. C'est la densité surfacique du flux énergétique arrivant au point considéré de la surface. Dans le Système international d'unités, elle s’exprime en watts par mètre carré (W/m ou ). La grandeur d'émission associée est l'exitance.
Gaz d'éclairageÀ l'origine, le gaz d'éclairage désigne le gaz de houille, nommé ainsi par son inventeur William Murdoch parce que destiné à l'éclairage (gas light). L'idée de s'éclairer au moyen d'un gaz est traditionnellement attribuée à Philippe Lebon en France, et à Jan Pieter Minckelers en Hollande. Par extension le terme gaz d'éclairage renvoie à la technique permettant d'éclairer à partir d'un gaz tel que le gaz de houille, le gaz naturel, le dihydrogène, le méthane, le propane, le butane et l'acétylène.
Lampe fluorescentevignette|200px|Lampe fluo-compacte. La lampe fluorescente, appelée également lampe fluorescente compacte (LFC) ou plus simplement lampe fluo-compacte (en anglais, compact fluorescent lamp ou CFL), est une adaptation du tube industriel à un usage domestique. C'est un tube fluorescent émettant de la lumière, dont le tube est miniaturisé, plié en deux, trois ou quatre, ou encore enroulé, doté d'un culot contenant un ballast électronique pour les lampes fluocompactes récentes, ou un ballast ferromagnétique pour les anciennes lampes fluocompactes.
Radiosité (physique)In radiometry, radiosity is the radiant flux leaving (emitted, reflected and transmitted by) a surface per unit area, and spectral radiosity is the radiosity of a surface per unit frequency or wavelength, depending on whether the spectrum is taken as a function of frequency or of wavelength. The SI unit of radiosity is the watt per square metre (), while that of spectral radiosity in frequency is the watt per square metre per hertz (W·m−2·Hz−1) and that of spectral radiosity in wavelength is the watt per square metre per metre (W·m−3)—commonly the watt per square metre per nanometre ().
