Sédimentation marinevignette|Répartition des sédiments marins dans l'Océan mondial. Jaune : sédiments carbonatés biogènes ; brun : argiles rouges des grands fonds ; orange : sédiments terrigènes ; blanc : sédiments des marges continentales ; vert : sédiments siliceux biogènes ; bleu : sédiments glaciaires. La sédimentation marine comprend tous les processus conduisant à la formation de sédiments marins (sédimentation littorale ou côtière, océanique, bathyale, abyssale, etc.).
Fluvial processesIn geography and geology, fluvial processes are associated with rivers and streams and the deposits and landforms created by them. When the stream or rivers are associated with glaciers, ice sheets, or ice caps, the term glaciofluvial or fluvioglacial is used. Fluvial processes include the motion of sediment and erosion or deposition on the river bed. The movement of water across the stream bed exerts a shear stress directly onto the bed.
Pelagic sedimentPelagic sediment or pelagite is a fine-grained sediment that accumulates as the result of the settling of particles to the floor of the open ocean, far from land. These particles consist primarily of either the microscopic, calcareous or siliceous shells of phytoplankton or zooplankton; clay-size siliciclastic sediment; or some mixture of these. Trace amounts of meteoric dust and variable amounts of volcanic ash also occur within pelagic sediments.
Endoréismevignette|upright=1.5|Le delta de l'Okavango, au Botswana, partie la plus basse d'un bassin endoréique d'Afrique australe (image satellite). En hydrologie, l’endoréisme (du grec ancien : [« couler »] avec le préfixe endo- [« dedans »] et le suffixe -isme) d'un cours d'eau ou d'un bassin versant est le fait qu'il ne se déverse pas dans une mer, mais est au contraire clos, retenant ses eaux (superficielles ou non) dans une cuvette fermée. Les pluies ou autres formes de précipitations qui l'alimentent le quittent uniquement par évaporation .
SiltationSiltation is water pollution caused by particulate terrestrial clastic material, with a particle size dominated by silt or clay. It refers both to the increased concentration of suspended sediments and to the increased accumulation (temporary or permanent) of fine sediments on bottoms where they are undesirable. Siltation is most often caused by soil erosion or sediment spill. It is sometimes referred to by the ambiguous term "sediment pollution", which can also refer to a chemical contamination of sediments accumulated on the bottom, or to pollutants bound to sediment particles.
Urban floodingUrban flooding is the inundation of land or property in a built environment, particularly in more densely populated areas, caused by rainfall overwhelming the capacity of drainage systems, such as storm sewers. Although sometimes triggered by events such as flash flooding or snowmelt, urban flooding is a condition, characterized by its repetitive and systemic impacts on communities, that can happen regardless of whether or not affected communities are located within designated floodplains or near any body of water.
Silt fenceA silt fence, sometimes (misleadingly) called a "filter fence," is a temporary sediment control device used on construction sites to protect water quality in nearby streams, rivers, lakes and seas from sediment (loose soil) in stormwater runoff. Silt fences are widely used on construction sites in North America and elsewhere, due to their low cost and simple design. However, their effectiveness in controlling sediment can be limited, due to problems with poor installation, proper placement, and/or inadequate maintenance.
Physical schemaA physical data model (or database design) is a representation of a data design as implemented, or intended to be implemented, in a database management system. In the lifecycle of a project it typically derives from a logical data model, though it may be reverse-engineered from a given database implementation. A complete physical data model will include all the database artifacts required to create relationships between tables or to achieve performance goals, such as indexes, constraint definitions, linking tables, partitioned tables or clusters.
Roche sédimentairevignette|Couches de roches sédimentaires datant du Trias (Utah, États-Unis). Les roches sédimentaires proviennent de l'accumulation de sédiments qui se déposent le plus souvent en couches ou lits superposés, appelés strates. Elles résultent de l'accumulation de sédiments divers, c'est-à-dire d'éléments solides (clastes : morceaux de roches ou fragments minéraux, débris coquilliers) et de précipitations à partir de solutions (elles-mêmes constitutives ou à l'origine de ciments, souvent intercalaires entre grains, particules ou clastes).
BarrageUn barrage est un ouvrage d'art hydraulique construit en travers d'un cours d'eau et destiné à en réguler le débit et/ou à stocker de l'eau, notamment pour le contrôle des crues, l'irrigation, l'industrie, l'hydroélectricité, la pisciculture et la retenue d'eau potable. vignette|Barrage Hoover, États-Unis. vignette|Barrage de Limmern (canton de Glaris, Suisse). vignette|Évacuateur de crues du barrage de Matsumoto (préfecture de Nagano, Japon). vignette|L'écologie des berges des plans d'eau artificiels peut être perturbée par des variations brutales de niveau.
