Séquestration du dioxyde de carbonevignette|400px|Représentation schématique de certains moyens de stocker le dioxyde de carbone. La séquestration du dioxyde de carbone, appelée plus simplement piégeage du carbone ou séquestration du carbone est le stockage à long terme du dioxyde de carbone hors de l'atmosphère. Elle est réalisée de manière naturelle par des processus biologiques et géologiques. Elle peut également être réalisée par la main de l'homme, via des processus biologiques ou des procédés industriels, et est alors connue sous le nom anglais carbon dioxide removal (CDR) ou sous le terme d'émissions négatives.
StreamA stream is a continuous body of surface water flowing within the bed and banks of a channel. Depending on its location or certain characteristics, a stream may be referred to by a variety of local or regional names. Long, large streams are usually called rivers, while smaller, less voluminous and more intermittent streams are known as streamlets, brooks or creeks. The flow of a stream is controlled by three inputs – surface runoff (from precipitation or meltwater), daylighted subterranean water, and surfaced groundwater (spring water).
Particulate organic matterParticulate organic matter (POM) is a fraction of total organic matter operationally defined as that which does not pass through a filter pore size that typically ranges in size from 0.053 millimeters (53 μm) to 2 millimeters. Particulate organic carbon (POC) is a closely related term often used interchangeably with POM. POC refers specifically to the mass of carbon in the particulate organic material, while POM refers to the total mass of the particulate organic matter.
Total inorganic carbonTotal inorganic carbon (CT or TIC) is the sum of the inorganic carbon species. Carbon compounds can be distinguished as either organic or inorganic, and dissolved or particulate, depending on their composition. Organic carbon forms the backbone of key components of organic compounds such as proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, and nucleic acids. Inorganic carbon is found primarily in simple compounds such as carbon dioxide (), carbonic acid (), bicarbonate (), and carbonate ().
Soil respirationSoil respiration refers to the production of carbon dioxide when soil organisms respire. This includes respiration of plant roots, the rhizosphere, microbes and fauna. Soil respiration is a key ecosystem process that releases carbon from the soil in the form of CO2. CO2 is acquired by plants from the atmosphere and converted into organic compounds in the process of photosynthesis. Plants use these organic compounds to build structural components or respire them to release energy.
Particulate inorganic carbonParticulate inorganic carbon (PIC) can be contrasted with dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), the other form of inorganic carbon found in the ocean. These distinctions are important in chemical oceanography. Particulate inorganic carbon is sometimes called suspended inorganic carbon. In operational terms, it is defined as the inorganic carbon in particulate form that is too large to pass through the filter used to separate dissolved inorganic carbon. Most PIC is calcium carbonate, CaCO3, particularly in the form of calcite, but also in the form of aragonite.
Recul des glaciers depuis 1850right|thumb|upright=1.3|Glacier de Grinnell dans le Parc national de Glacier (États-Unis) montrant le recul depuis 1850 de USGS. Le recul des glaciers depuis 1850, ou plutôt le « recul du front des glaciers », est mondial et rapide ; il affecte l'accès à l'eau douce pour l'irrigation et pour l'utilisation domestique, les loisirs de montagne, les animaux et les plantes qui dépendent de la fonte des glaciers, et à plus long terme, le niveau des océans.
Zone ripariennethumb|260px|Les ripisylves de deux cours d'eau se rejoignent ici pour former une forêt galerie (comté de Putnam, Ohio, USA). Une zone riparienne (zone riveraine ou ripicole, corridor rivulaire, écotone riverain ou bande riveraine sont éventuellement à privilégier, particulièrement au Québec) est une zone plus ou moins large longeant un cours d'eau et recouverte de végétation appelée ripisylve, forêt galerie ou bande enherbée selon la nature de celle-ci. Cette bande est une véritable zone riparienne tampon entre le cours d'eau et les terres environnantes.
Glacial motionGlacial motion is the motion of glaciers, which can be likened to rivers of ice. It has played an important role in sculpting many landscapes. Most lakes in the world occupy basins scoured out by glaciers. Glacial motion can be fast (up to , observed on Jakobshavn Isbræ in Greenland) or slow ( on small glaciers or in the center of ice sheets), but is typically around . Glacier motion occurs from four processes, all driven by gravity: basal sliding, glacial quakes generating fractional movements of large sections of ice, bed deformation, and internal deformation.
Carbone inorganique totalLe carbone inorganique total (CT, acronyme TIC pour Total Inorganic Carbon ou DIC pour Dissolved Inorganic Carbon) est la somme des espèces de carbone inorganique dans une solution. Elles incluent le dioxyde de carbone, l'acide carbonique, les anions bicarbonate et carbonate. Le dioxyde de carbone et l'acide carbonique sont en général regroupés sous le terme CO2* car il est difficile en pratique de les séparer. CT est un paramètre important lors de la mesure du pH de systèmes aquatiques naturels (notamment les océans), et pour l'estimation des flux de dioxyde de carbone.
